Botox and Tetox

Question 1

What does Botox stand for?

Answer 1

Botulinum toxin.

Question 2

Where does Botox act in the body?

Answer 2

At the NMJ.

Question 3

What does Botox poisoning cause?

Answer 3

Flaccid paralysis.

Question 4

What is flaccid paralysis?

Answer 4

Inability to contract skeletal muscles.

Question 5

How does Botox cause botulism?

Answer 5

Via infection with anaerobic spore-forming clostridium botulinum.

Question 6

What does the cleavage of SNAP-25 cause?

Answer 6

Prevents calcium-dependent exocytosis.

Question 7

Name the three SNARE proteins.

Answer 7

Syntaxin.
Synaptobrevin.
SNAP-25.

Question 8

What is the role of syntaxin?

Answer 8

Involved in both spontaneous and evoked NT release.

Question 9

List three clinical uses for Botox.

Answer 9

Strabismus.
Migraine.
Cerebral palsy.

Question 10

What is strabismus?

Answer 10

Ocular muscle spasm.

Question 11

How is Botox used to treat cerebral palsy?

Answer 11

Can help children to walk flat on both feet by injecting Botox into the calf muscle to reduce spasticity.

Question 12

Botox is an extremely potent toxin. What is the clinical advantage of this?

Answer 12

A very low dose is required, which will elicit little to no antibody response.

Question 13

What does TeNT stand for?

Answer 13

Tetanus toxin.

Question 14

What does TeNT cause?

Answer 14

Tetanus.

Question 15

What is tetanus/spastic paralysis?

Answer 15

Uncontrolled clenching of muscles.

Question 16

What are two key features of tetanus?

Answer 16

Trismus = lock-jaw.
Risus sardonicus = sardonic smile.