- airborne or direct contact - in utero, at breeding or at birth

- none effective; supportive ambs, nsaids

- isolate new additions - dont use live vx in neonatal calves or preg cows

Bovine 1 Flashcards by Larisa Creelman

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- causative agent?

Ovine herpesvirus 2

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- pathophys of disease

affects lymphocytes & allows animals own killer cells to attack BV’s leading to arteritis and multisystemic signs

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- KEY C/S?

high fever, enlarged LNs

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- other multisystemic signs

diarrhea
oral erosions
mucopurulent nasal discharge
peeling nose
corneal opacity
ocular discharge
CNS signs
lameness
sloughing of hooves

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- Dx?

ELISA serum antibodies
PCR (false negs)

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- prevention

keep cattle and sheep seperate
no vx avail

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BVDV:
- Etx agent?

Pestivirus

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BVDV:
- describe the different ways the disease presents and the clinical signs associated

1.) Subclinical
2.) Acute
- 6-24m of age
- fever, leukopenia, oculonasal discharge, oral erosions/ulcers, diarrhea
- immunosuppressed, pneumonia
3.) Hemorrhagic Syndrome:
- thrombocytopenia
4.) Reproductive loss:
- infertility & EED @ any stage of gestation
- congenital defects when infected 100-150d
- PI fetal infxn when infected 40-120d
5.) Mucosal/Chronic BVD:
- PI animal is superinfected w/ CP or NCP switches to CP
- peracute, often fatal

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BVDV:
- Diagnosis

antigen detection
- fluorescent antibody
- IHC (ear notch)
- ELISA

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BVDV:
- How does it affect reproduction

infertility and EED at any stage of gestation
PI infections 40-120d
congenital defects 100-150d

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IBR:
- Etx?

Bovine Herpes virus 1

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IBR:
- Tranmission?

airborne or direct contact
in utero, at breeding or at birth

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IBR:
- C/S?

1.) Respiratory
- fever, red nose +/- white plaques, non-productive cough, decreased appetite
- usually entire herd

2.) Abortion
- 5-6m gestation
- can induce abortion w/ live vx

3.) Ocular:
- severe conjunctivitis, clear xs ocular discharge w/ corneal opacity

4.) Infectious Pustular Vulvuovaginitis
- red spots & pustules lining vulva and vagina
- xs tail swtiching, frequent urination, decreased milk prod’n

5.) Generalized neonatal infection
- resp tract, kidneys, liver, GIT, adrenals
- usually fatal

6.) Encephalitis

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IBR:
- tx

none effective; supportive ambs, nsaids

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IBR:
- prevention

isolate new additions
dont use live vx in neonatal calves or preg cows

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BSE:
- Etx?

prion

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BSE:
- Transmission?

contaminated feed w/ rendered infected cattle usually

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BSE:
- This disease is REPORTABLE, what can is cause in humans?

Creutzfeld-Jakob dz

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BSE:
- c/s and onset?

onset over several months
hyperesthesia, nervousness
fine tremors
persistent licking of the muzzle

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BSE:
- Dx?

IHC demonstrating prion protein fibrils

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BSE:
- Tx?

Cull

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Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- etx?

bovine leukemia virus

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Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- C/S

1.) CNS
- plegia, paresis, head tilt, facial paralysis, dysphagia

2.) GI
- free gas bloat, vagal indigestion, enlarged abdominal LNs, melena, thickened rectum

3.) Cardiac

4.) 25% have peripheral lymphadenopathy

5.) Exopthalmus, weight loss

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Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- dx

ELISA = positive antibodies

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Bovine Lymphosarcoma: - tx?

None effective or legal.

Johnes Disease: - Etx?

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

Jonnes Disease: - C/S?

- 3-5 years old - thin - voluminous diarrhea - decreased milk production

Johnes Disease: - Dx?

Individuals = fecal culture herd = pooled fecal culture, PCR when +

Johnes disease: - tx?

None --> CULL & REPORT

Ketosis: - what are the 3 "Types"?

- thin cows up to 45d PP - Obese cows in per-partum - too much silage @ any point of lactation

Ketosis: - clinical signs?

- dairy cows 1-4 weeks PP, mild anorexia, decreased milk production, malodorous breath = key signs - paresthesia, aggressive behaviour, mild proprioceptive deficits

Ketosis: - dx

- Measure betahydroxybutryic acid in BLOOD (>14.4mg/dl = ketosis)

Ketosis: - tx?

- oral propylene glycol & IV dextrose

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis: - c/s?

- acute anorexia & agalactia - unwillingness to move/lie down, arched back, fever - +/- papple shape, scant feces - sloshing fluid

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis: - Dx?

- positive wither grunt test - pain response while balloting LEFT ventral abodmen - abdominocentesis (purulent or serosaginous fluid)

Polioencephalomalacia: - predisposing factors?

- high rumen thiaminase in high grain diet - raw soybeans in diet - high sulfur in diet

Polioencephalomalacia: - C/S

- aimeless wandering, star gazing, head pressing, convulsing, recumbent, teeth grinding, normal TPR

Polioencephalomalacia: - dx?

- response to thiamine - CSF = normal pleocytosis with increased protein - necrosis of cortical grey matter

Polioencephalomalacia: - treatment

thiamine +/- anticonvulsants

Lumpy Jaw: - Etx

Actinomyces bovis

Lumpy Jaw: - C/S

- gradual onset of hard, non-movable mass on facial bones (mandible) with weight loss and quidding

Lumpy Jaw: - tx?

IV sodium iodide

Wooden Tongue: - Etx?

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Wooden Tongue: - C/S?

- lethargy, ptyalism, protruding tongue, swollen throat latch, dysphagia, stridor

Wooden Tongue: - tx?

IV sodium iodide + penicillin

Listeria: - etx?

Listeria monocytogenes --> grows in rotting vegetation with high pH

Listeria: - pathophysiology

ascends nerves up to brainstem

Listeria: - it is ZOONOTIC, how do humans usually acquire it?

Milk contamination

Listeria: - C/S?

- Weaned to adult silage fed cows - acute onset pyrexia, depression, anorexia - UNILATERAL NEURO SIGNS

Listeria: - dx

CSF = mononculear cells, high protein

Listeria: - tx

IV tetracycline + supportive care

Frothy Bloat: - what are the 2 categories of cows that get this?

1.) pasture cows = recently on legume pasture (past 2 weeks) 2.) feetlot cows = cause unknown

frothy bloat: - key clinical sign

- acute LEFT abdominal distension

Frothy bloat: - 2 key treatments

1.) Stomach tube to relieve bloat 2.) anti-foaming agent

White muscle disease: - Etx

- vitamin E or selenium deficiency

White muscle disease: - who is commonly affected

- young growing animals

White Muscle Disease: - describe the main differences between the 2 forms of disease

1.) Cardiac - sudden onset, death within 24hrs, recumbent, resp distress 2.) Skeletal form - slower onset, more responsive to therapy, muscle weakness/stiffness, recumbency.

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany: - risk factors?

- lush green pasture or green cereal crops

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany: - c/s

- tetanic paresis - staggering -sudden death - Fluttering eyelids - nystagmus - jaw clamping - paddling

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany: - tx?

- magnesium sulphate (NOT IV = cardiotoxic)

Vesicular stomatitis: - Etx

Rhabdovirus

Vesicular stomatitis: - who can it affect

horses, cattle, donkeys, mules, pigs

Vesicular Stomatits: - transmission?

- midges (culicoides) and black flies - outbreaks in summer/fall

Vesicular stomatitis - C/S?

- fever, salivation, anorexia - vesciles of the tongue, dental pads, lips, buccal mucosa, teats, coronary bands that turn to erosions and ulcerations and can become necrotic. r

Vesicular Stomatitis: - tx

REPORTABLE

Foot and Mouth disease: - who can it affect

- cloven-hoofed

Foot and Mouth Disease: - transmission?

- aerosols ,animals, humans, fomites

Foot And Mouth Disease: - where does the virus replicate

pharynx, udder, intestine

Foot and Mouth Disease: - Etx:

Picornavirus

Foot and mouth disease: - lesions/clinical signs?

vesicles - oral, nasal, coronary band, GIT - rupture in 48 hours, mucosal slough then erosion left

foot and mouth disease: - treatment?

REPORTABLE

Blue Tongue: - Etx?

Culicoides

Blue Tongue: - who is affected

Sheep >> cattle, goats, elk

Blue Tongue: - C/S

- oral erosions, hemorrhages, ulcers - edema, redenning of face, lips, muzzles, ears - lameness, coronitis, sloughing of hooves - death within 7d

Blue Tongue: - tx?

REPORTABLE

IBK: - Etx

Moraxella bovis

IBK: - Tranmission?

Direct contact, flies

IBK: - Predisposing factors

- UV light - flies - dust and plant material

IBK: - Who does it commonly affect

young cattle

IBK: - C/S?

- Conjunctivitis, blepharospasm - epihphora, blindness - small opaque region in centre of cornea that progresses to DEEP ULCERATION

IBK: - TX?

Systemic oxytetracycline

Anaplasmosis: - etx?

anaplasmosis marginalle

Anaplasmosis: - C/S

- pale, icteric, febrile - decreased milk prod'n - new adult cattle - NO HEMOGLOBINURIA

Anaplasmosis - tx

oxytetraycline

Bovine 1 Flashcards

(85 cards)