Bovine knee

Question 1

describe the fibula in cows vs humans

Answer 1

in cows, it is not an ossified bone at the head

Question 2

the bigger trochlea ridge in cows is the _________, while in humans it is the _________

Answer 2

medial, lateral

Question 3

EDL tendon is on the _________ side and its function is to?

Answer 3

lateral, extend the toes

Question 4

where is the infrapatellar bursa?

Answer 4

underlying the patellar ligament

Question 5

what is the origin and insertion of popliteus?

Answer 5

origin: lateral femur
insertion: medial tibia

Question 6

which direction is rotation restricted more at the knee joint and why?

Answer 6

lateral/external rotation is restricted due to the crossing over of the cruciate ligaments

Question 7

locking your knees places your ___________ under tension but relaxes your _______

Answer 7

ligaments, muscles

Question 8

name all the ligaments that keep the femur on the tibia

Answer 8

collaterals, cruciates and the posterior menisco-femoral ligament of the lateral meniscus

Question 9

from superior to inferior, list the three ligaments in close association at the lateral femur in anterior view

Answer 9

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
popliteus tendon
EDL tendon

Question 10

the EDL muscle in cows originates at the _________, but in humans it originates at the _________

Answer 10

lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibial condyle

Question 11

what structures allow for greater congruence between the tibia and femur?

Answer 11

the menisci

Question 12

what are the menisci made out of?

Answer 12

fibrocartilage

Question 13

the retinaculae are ___________ ligaments

Answer 13

capsular

Question 14

the function of the retinaculae are to?

Answer 14

evenly transfer the contraction of the quadriceps onto the tibia

Question 15

what part of the knee is commonly infected?

Answer 15

the bursae e.g the infrapatellar bursa

Question 16

what is the insertion of the retinaculae

Answer 16

the tibial tuberosity

Question 17

the tibial tuberosity conducts _________ from the _________ to the __________ via the ____________

Answer 17

tension, quadriceps, tibia, retinaculae

Question 18

menisci provide a larger _________ ____ for _____ _________ and shock absorptions

Answer 18

surface area, load distribution

Question 19

the menisci slides _________ during flexion and ________ during extension

Answer 19

backwards, forwards

Question 20

which hamstrings tendon inserts more posteriorly?

Answer 20

semimembranosus

Question 21

which hamstrings tendon inserts more inferiorly?

Answer 21

semitendinosus

Question 22

the semimembranosus inserts on the _____ tibia

Answer 22

medial

Question 23

the semi__________ is superficial to the semi_________

Answer 23

tendinosus, membranosus

Question 24

popliteus _______ rotates the femur and _____ rotates the tibia

Answer 24

laterally, medially

Question 25

the popliteus tendon runs underneath what?

Answer 25

the lateral collateral ligament

Question 26

what type of ligament is the menisco-tibial and menisco-femoral?

Answer 26

capsular, not intracapsular

Question 27

how many menisco-tibial and femoral ligaments are there in the knee?

Answer 27

4 menisco-tibial 1 menisco-femoral on the lateral meniscus

Question 28

is the knee more stable when it is flexed or extended?

Answer 28

extended the collateral ligaments are bearing the greatest amount of tensional load and this increases stability

Question 29

how does the patellar surface act as a pulley?

Answer 29

prevents medial and lateral movement along with the retinaculae, but permits anterior-posterior movement

Question 30

true or false, menisci and articular cartilage of the knee is lined by synovial membrane

Answer 30

false, only the menisci are lined by synovial membrane