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Bovine reproduction Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

How long is the bovine oestrus cycle?

A

18-24 days

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2
Q

Which of the bovine ovaries has the greater number of ovulations?

A

Right

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3
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Follicular recruitment and pre-selection follicular growth

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4
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Post-selection follicular growth, dominant follicle selection, ovulation

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5
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Inhibition of ovulation

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6
Q

What is the function of oestradiol?

A

GnRH surge stimulation, follicular secretion, behavioural changes associated with oestrus

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7
Q

What is the function of GnRH?

A

Causes the pre-ovulatory surge of LH

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8
Q

What is the function of PGF2a?

A

Luteolysis

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9
Q

How large are bovine follicles at the time of ovulation?

A

18-25mm

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10
Q

How many follicular waves are usually seen in cows?

A

2-3

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11
Q

What are the visual signals of oestrus?

A

Vulval sniffing. standing to be mounted, chin resting, licking, butting, mounting head, flehmens response

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12
Q

What are the advantages of using AI?

A

Reduced venereal disease, more cows covered, increased spread of genetic material

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13
Q

Which cells produce oestradiol?

A

Granulosa cells of the follicle convert androgen (from theca cells) to oestradiol

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14
Q

What does increasing levels of oestradiol in response to follicular growth lead to?

A

LH surge (in conjunction with progesterone decreases)

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15
Q

When does cyclicity resume post-calving in the dairy and beef cattle?

A

Dairy around 2 weeks post-partum (increasing FSH), Beef are inhibited by suckling calf from around 3weeks to 3 months at first cycle

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16
Q

Why does oestrus behaviour in cow cease just before ovulation?

A

With the LH surge around ovulation oestradiol production is stopped, hence oestrus behaviour stops.

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17
Q

How long is generally accepted as the voluntary waiting period?

A

60-80 days

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18
Q

How long after the beginning of oestrus does ovulation occur?

A

25-30 hours

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19
Q

What pathogens may be involved in RFM?

A

Ecoli, Tpyogenes, Dnodosus, Fnecrophorum, BoHV4

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20
Q

What is the use of using meloxicam in a case of RFM?

A

Anti-endotoxaemia

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21
Q

What is the use of using oxytocin in a case of RFM?

A

Stimulates uterine contraction and possibly RFM expulsion.

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22
Q

Metritis

A

Enlarged uteruse and purulent discharge from the vagina, cow <21DIM (usually within 10 days of parturition)

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23
Q

What clinical signs are seen with cases of metritis?

A

Red-brown to viscous off-white purulent discharge from the vagina, bad odour

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24
Q

Describe the three grades of metritis.

Study These Flashcards
A

1 - enlarge and discharging uterus, no pyrexia.
2 - Pyrexia >39.5, reduced appetitie and decreased milk yield.
3 - cold extremities and dullness

25
What ultrasonographic characteristics would be seen with a case of metritis?
Snow storm - patchy hyperechogenicity within the uterus
26
Pyometra
Purulent material within the uterine lumen, presence of CL with closed cervix
27
How can pyometra be treated?
PGF2A
28
Endometritis
Purulent uterine discharge from the vagina >21DIM
29
What ultrasonographic characteristics would be seen with endometritis?
Hyperechoic substance filling the uterus
30
Describe the grading of endometritis discharge.
0 - clear/ translucent. 1 - Flecks of pus. 2 - 50:50 exudate to pus 3 - Purulent material +/- haemorrhagic
31
What treatments may be employed for a case of endometritis?
Broad spectrum antibiosis (oxytetracyclin/ cephalosporin), PGF2a if the CL is present
32
What clinical signs may be associated with cystic ovarian disease?
Anoestrus, nymphomania, usually <60DIM
33
Describe the ultrasonographic appearance of a follicular cyst.
Thin walled, internal diameter>25mm, 10 day duration, fluid filled, NO CL (nymphomaniac behaviour
34
Describe the ultrasonographic appearance of a luteal cyst.
Thick walled >3mm, external diameter >25mm, 10 day duration
35
How can you treat a follicular cyst?
Burst, GnRH, progesterone, leave if <30DIM
36
How can you treat a luteal cyst?
Prostaglandin
37
What primary infectious agents cause abortion in cattle?
Brucella, BVD, L borgspetersenii, BHV1
38
How do primary infectious agents cause abortion?
They cause destruction of the feto-maternal unit by hypoxia and placentitis
39
What lesions are characterised by BHV1 infection?
Placentitis, peribronchiolar inflammation and vasculitis and centilobular necrosis of the liver
40
How can a fungal cause of abortion be identified?
Sampling from foetal airway
41
What species of mycoplasma can cause abortion?
Ureaplasma diversum
42
What pathological lesions may be seen in cases of BVD?
Pale liver, focal myocarditis, placentitis, cerebellar hypoplasia, odd growth plates
43
Name two nutritional causes of abortion
Selenium/ vit E, iodine
44
When during gestation does iodine cause abortion?
Late pregnancy
45
Which notifiable pathogen causes abortion in pathogen?
Brucella
46
What are the on-farm sources of neospora?
Farm dogs (scavenging placenta)
47
How do dogs become infected with neospora?
Oocyst ingestion (abortion/ PI) and TPT
48
What are the outcomes of BVD infection?
Abortion, persistently infected (mucosal disease), low pregnancy rates, congenital disease
49
Which leptospiral species cause abortion in cattle?
Interrogans hardjo, borgpetersensii hardjo
50
What species of Salmonella causes abortion in cattle?
Dublin
51
What species of Campy causes abortion in cattle?
Fetus venerealis
52
What treatment options are there for penile haematomas?
Culling, sexual rest and hosing, surgical resection of clot
53
What virus can cause papillomatous growths on the penis?
Bovine papilloma virus
54
What differentials are there for testicular swelling?
Hydrocoele (lack of symmetry), scrotal fat, orchitis
55
What parasite causes balanoposthitis and mucoflocculent discharge in the bull?
Trichomonas foetus
56
What clinical signs are associated with campylobacteriosis?
Endometritis after service, failure to conceive, late embryonic death, 4-5 month abortion
57
What is the aimed growth rate of suckler calves?
1-1.4Kg/day
58
What age are sucklers slaughtered at?
18-24 months
59
What weight are sucklers slaughtered at?
600-800kg (55% KO)

Reproduction (4 decks)

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