Bowel Elmination

Question 1

of servings of fiber each day

Answer 1

5

Question 2

2 positions for enemas

Answer 2

left side laying or knee- chest

Question 3

4 types of bowel sounds

Answer 3

Normal
hyperactive
hypoactive
absent

Question 4

a cathartic is a substance

Answer 4

that accelerates defecation

Question 5

a colostomy close to the sigmoid colon will produce

Answer 5

solid feces.

Question 6

A fiberoptic endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and lens, is introduced through the mouth and advanced for direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

Answer 6

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Question 7

a mixture of fiber, undigested food, shed epithelial cells, inorganic material (e.g., calcium and phosphates), bacteria, and water. Small amounts of fat may be present.

Answer 7

feces

Question 8

A person can increase the pressure to expel feces by contracting the abdominal muscles (straining) while maintaining a closed airway (e.g., holding the breath). This is called the

Answer 8

Valsalva Maneuver

Question 9

a response to infection or unusual foods.

Answer 9

Acute diarrhea

Question 10

A rigid metal scope or a flexible fiber-optic scope is used to visualize the anal canal, rectum, and sigmoid colon.

Answer 10

Sigmoidoscopy

Question 11

a surgical procedure that brings a portion of the colon through a surgical opening in the abdomen

Answer 11

colostomy

Question 12

a surgically created opening for elimination of digestive waste products

Answer 12

a bowel diversion

Question 13

are dilated blood vessels in the anal canal

Answer 13

hemorrhoids

Question 14

are large-volume enemas. The volume causes intestinal distention and leads to rapid evacuation of stool.

Answer 14

Hypotonic and isotonic enemas

Question 15

are usually smaller volume (2.5–4 oz or 70–120 mL). attracts water into the colon, causing distention and stimulating peristalsis and defecation.

Answer 15

Hypertonic enemas

Question 16

As long as the person passes stools without excessive urgency (needing to rush to the toilet), with minimal effort and no straining, without blood loss, and without the use of laxatives, you can regard bowel function as

Answer 16

normal

Question 17

Auscultate before

Answer 17

palpitation

Question 18

Because most of the ______ is absorbed from the feces in the________, drainage at this level is ______ and continuous. The patient must wear an ostomy appliance at ____ times to collect the drainage.

Answer 18

water
large intestine
liquid
all

Question 19

Bowel assessment includes

Answer 19

inspection, auscultation, palpation

Question 20

brings a portion of the ileum through a surgical opening in the abdomen, bypassing the large intestine entirely.

Answer 20

ileostomy

Question 21

broccoli, onions and beans can cause

Answer 21

gas

Question 22

Bulking agents (laxatives) are

Answer 22

non-foods, high in fiber

Question 23

Chronic constipation: lasts for

Answer 23

3 months and may persist for years

Question 24

Chronic diarrhea: persists for

Answer 24

more than 1 month.

Question 25

Chronic diarrhea: persists for

Answer 25

more than 1 month.

Question 26

Chronic pressure on the veins within the anal canal, as with prolonged sitting or retained feces, can cause

Answer 26

hemorrhoids

Question 27

Colonoscopy prep:

Answer 27

strong cathartic and laxative clear liquid diet (no red or purple) 24048 hrs prior NPO after midnight before exam

Question 28

Direct visualization studies are_________procedures and are conducted by a gastroenterologist, who inserts various instruments (e.g., endoscopes) to examine the interior of the GI tract.

Answer 28

invasive

Question 29

Direct visualization studies are_________procedures and are conducted by a gastroenterologist, who inserts various instruments (e.g., endoscopes) to examine the interior of the GI tract.

Answer 29

invasive

Question 30

Encourage a daily intake of ___ to ___g of fiber to attract water into the stool, and promote peristalsis.

Answer 30

25 to 30

Question 31

Enemas may be classified as

Answer 31

* Cleansing * Retention * Return-flow (Harris flush)

Question 32

external anal sphincters are

Answer 32

voluntary controlled (about the age of 3)

Question 33

gives feces its brown color.

Answer 33

bile pigment

Question 34

Good fiber sources

Answer 34

fresh fruits and vegetables (especially raw), whole-grain foods, flaxseeds, popcorn, dried beans, peas, and legumes.

Question 35

how long to listen in a quadrant before determining absent bowl sounds

Answer 35

3-5 min (pp says 2 min)

Question 36

Identify the factors that affect bowel elimination.

Answer 36

``` Age • Stress • Dietary intake • Fluid intake • Activity • Medications • Surgery • Anesthesia • Pregnancy • Pathological conditions (e.g., food allergies and intolerances, diverticulosis, diverticulitis) ```

Question 37

If passage through the colon is slowed... More _____ is ________ from the feces and stool becomes

Answer 37

water reabsorbed dry and hard

Question 38

If transit time through the colon is faster than normal....._____ water is _______ and stools are

Answer 38

less reabsorbed watery

Question 39

in abdominal assessment, the order of the exam is

Answer 39

inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

Question 40

Indirect visualization studies are ________ views of the lower GI tract

Answer 40

radiographic (x-rays)

Question 41

Internal anal sphincter are

Answer 41

involuntary controlled

Question 42

is the presence of a hardened, dry, fecal mass in the rectum.

Answer 42

Fecal impaction

Question 43

is useful in detecting lower GI disease. It is also often used for cancer screening instead of a sigmoidoscopy, because it provides better visualization of the colon. This is the preferred test for clients with suspected problems above the level of the sigmoid colon.

Answer 43

colonoscopy

Question 44

kock pouch is a _________ ileostomy because it allows the patient to ________

Answer 44

continent | drain the pouch several times a day and not have to wear a bag

Question 45

large intestine also known as the

Answer 45

colon

Question 46

live in the cecum. They come to the anal area to deposit eggs during the night and migrate back up through the rectum during the day.

Answer 46

pinworms

Question 47

low-fiber foods ______ peristalsis

Answer 47

slow

Question 48

Medications that cause constipation

Answer 48

opioids antacids iron

Question 49

Medications that cause constipation

Answer 49

opioids antacids iron diuretics

Question 50

Medications that cause diarrhea

Answer 50

antibiotics | too much laxatives

Question 51

Minimum fluid intake for healthy bowl function

Answer 51

6-8 8oz glasses (1500, 2000 ml)

Question 52

Names of some bulking agents

Answer 52

Metamucil, citrucel, FiberCon

Question 53

Normal bowel sounds are (description) and how many should you hear

Answer 53

high pitched | 5-15 gurgles per min

Question 54

Occult blood is

Answer 54

not seen (hidden)

Question 55

occurrence of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction

Answer 55

Paralytic ileus

Question 56

potential complications of direct visualizations:

Answer 56

perforation

Question 57

Prevention measures for C-diff

Answer 57

hand hygiene - soap and water PPE Killing spores on surfaces

Question 58

Promoting healthy defecation

Answer 58

regular schedule for eating adequate fiber intake fluids activity

Question 59

Provides direct visualization of the rectum, colon, entire large intestine, and distal small bowel.

Answer 59

Fiber-Optic Colonoscopy

Question 60

reabsorption of water from chyme in the large intestine results in a semisolid mass known as

Answer 60

feces

Question 61

small sac-like pouches in the mucosa, in which fecal matter becomes trapped

Answer 61

Diverticulosis

Question 62

small sac-like pouches in the mucosa, in which fecal matter becomes trapped and can be caused by

Answer 62

Diverticulosis low fiber diet

Question 63

Tape for pinworms is used to assess presence of _______. Done in the _______

Answer 63

eggs | morning

Question 64

The closer the colostomy is to the ascending colon and the ileocecal valve (between the small and large intestine)

Answer 64

the more liquid and continuous the drainage will be.

Question 65

The effluent, also called

Answer 65

fecal matter

Question 66

The ileum joins the

Answer 66

small and large intestine

Question 67

the introduction of solution into the rectum to soften feces and distend or irritate the colon, in order to stimulate peristalsis and evacuation of feces.

Answer 67

enema

Question 68

The location of the colostomy determines

Answer 68

the consistency of the feces eliminated as well as the need to wear an ostomy appliance

Question 69

The process by which the bowel eliminates waste is called

Answer 69

defecation

Question 70

The______ in the bowel the colostomy is placed (i.e., the closer to the rectum and anus), the more ______ the effluent.

Answer 70

lower solid

Question 71

Total bilirubin lab value

Answer 71

0.1 - 1.0

Question 72

Treatment for D-diff

Answer 72

depends on on strain but antibiotics and in severe stool transplant

Question 73

type of surgery done to remove part of your large intestine called your colon. Once the affected part is removed, the remaining ends are joined together

Answer 73

hemicolectomy

Question 74

Valsalva Maneuver cautioned in clients with ____, ____, ____ or because it can do what?

Answer 74

heart disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound increases pressure within the abdominal cavity, raises blood pressure, and is associated with an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 75

What are the major functions of the large intestine?

Answer 75

absorption of water, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 76

What are the major functions of the small intestine

Answer 76

digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fat, and protein.

Question 77

what do bulking agents do or fiber in general....

Answer 77

attracts fluid into the colon, and the increased bulk of the stool stimulates the urge to evacuate

Question 78

What does a healthy stoma look like?

Answer 78

colored from deep pink to brick red regardless of skin color and is shiny and moist at all times. The stoma will protrude above the level of the abdomen by approximately 0.5 to 1.0 inches.

Question 79

what does yogurt do to peristalsis

Answer 79

stimulates and promotes healing of intestinal infections

Question 80

What type of of OTC laxative is best at providing relief of constipation among older adults

Answer 80

Bulking agents

Question 81

Why is skin care around a stoma so important?

Answer 81

essential to prevent skin breakdown, which may lead to infection, discomfort, and leakage of ostomy output from around the appliance.

Question 82

_________ drugs are not used for acute diarrhea

Answer 82

antidiarrheal - because you want it out