BOYS & GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT - mot finsihed Flashcards
What are 4 EXTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT
- IMPACT of FEMINISM
- CHANGES in the FAMILY
- CHANGES in WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT
- GIRLS’ CHANGING AMBITIONS
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor to GIRLS Achievement - THE IMPACT OF FEMINISM - mcrobbie
Feminist Movement has CHALLANGED the TRADITIONAL STEROTYPE of a WOMEN’S ROLE
RAISED Women’s EXPECTATIONS and Self-esteem
MCROBBIE (1994) - study of GIRL’S MAGAZINE
1970’s importance of GETTING MARRIED and not left on a shelf was emphasised
NOW they contain IMAGES of ASSESTIVE INDEPEDNANT WOMEN
improvements in educational achievement
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor to GIRLS Achievement - CHANGES IN THE FAMILY
these AFFECT Girl’s ATTITUDES TOWARDS EDUCATION
INCREASED numbers of FEMALE-HEADED LONE-PARENT FAMIILIES can mean MORE WOMEN need to TAKE ON a BREADWINNER role
this in turn CREATES a NEW ADULT ROLE MODEL for girls - the financially independant woman
to achieve this, woman NEED WELL-PAID JOBS and therefore GOOD QUALIFICATIONS
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor to GIRLS Achievement - CHANGES in WOMEN’S EMPLOYMENT
1970 EQUAL PAY ACT - Illegal to Pay Women Less Than Men for Work of Equal Value
Proportion of Women in Employment has Risen
SOME WOMEN are now BREAKING THROUGH the ‘GLASS CEILING - the INVISIBLE BARRIER that KEEPS Them OUT of HIGH LEVEL professional and managerial jobs
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor to GIRLS Achievement - GIRLS’ CHANGING AMBITIONS - 4 - sharpe
SHARPE (1994) - Interviews girls in the 70s and 90s and show a MAJOR SHIFT in the WAY the girls SEE their FUTURE
1974 - LOW ASPIRATIONS , believed EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS was UNFEMININE and that appearing to be AMBITIOUS was UNATTRACTIVE. Prioritised Love and Marriage over Jobs and Careers
1990s - AMBITIONS CHANGED , different order of priorities - careers and being able to support themselves - found that GIRLS were MORE LIKELY to SEE their FUTURE as an INDEPENDANT WOMAN WITH a CAREER Rather than as DEPEDNANT on HUSBAND and his incoke
What are 6 INTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT
- EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICY
- POSITIVE Role Model in Schools
- GCSE and Coursework
- TEACHER ATTENTION
- Challenging Stereotypes in the Curriculm
- Selection and League Tables
What are 4 INTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT - EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES POLICIES - 4 - boaler
policymakers Much MORE AWARE of GENDER ISSUES and teachers more sensitive to the need to avoid stereotyping
the BELIEF that BOYS and GIRLS are ENTITLED to the SAME OPPORTUNITIES influences education policies
INTRODUCTION of the NATIONAL CURRICIUCLM in 1988 REMOVED 1 Source of Gender Inequality by making GIRLS and BOYS STUDY MOSTLY the SAME SUBJECTS
BOALER - the Impact of Equal Opportunities policies as a Key Reason for the Changes in Girls’ achievement
MANY of the BARRIERS have been REMOVED and SCHOOLING has BECOME MORE MERITOCRATIC , so that girls achieve more
What are 4 INTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT - POSITIVE ROLE MODELS IN SCHOOLS
there’s been an INCREASE in the PROPORTION of FEMALE TEACHERS and HEADS
these WOMEN in SENIOR POSITIONS may act as ROLE MODELS, for Girls, Showing them WOMEN can Achieve POSITIONS of IMPORTANCE and giving them non-traditional goals to aim for
What are 4 INTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT - TEACHER ATTENTION
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Swann
SWANN (1998) found GENDER DIFFERENCE in COMMUNICATION STYLE
BOYS DOMINATE in Whole - Class Discusion, whereas Girls Prefer Group Work and are Better at Listening and Cooperating
Group Work - GIRLS’ SPEECH Involves TURN TAKING, and not the HOSTILE INTERRUPTIONS that often characterise BOYS SPEECH
TEACHERS Responding MORE POSITIVELY to GIRLS which COULD LEAD to a SFP in which successful interactions with teachers Promote GIRLS’ SELF ESTEEM and RAISE their ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS
What are 4 INTERNAL FACTORS that Affect GIRLS ACHIEVEMENT - GCSE AND COURSWORK - gorrard - mitsos and browne
GORARD (2005) - the Gender Gap in Achievement was fairly constant Until 1989 when it INCREASED Sharply - Year GCSE was INTRODUCED
MITSOS and BROWNE (1998) - GIRLS are MORE SUCCESSFUL in Coursework as they’re MORE CONSCIENTIOUS and BETTER ORGANISED than boys
GIRLS : SPEND MORE TIME on Work, Take MORE CARE with presentation
Skills are the Result of EARLY GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION in the Family
this HELPS GIRLS ACHIEVE greater success than boys
What are 2 EXTERNAL FACTORS that AFFECT BOYS ACHIEVEMENT
- BOYS and LITERACY
- DECLINE of TRADITIONAL MEN’S JOBS
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor that affects BOYS ACHIEVEMENT - BOYS AND LITERACY
DSCF (2007) - Gender Gap is mainly down to BOYS POOR LITERACY and LITERACY Skills. PARENTS spend LESS TIME READING to their SONS. Boys LEISURE Pursuits DON’T HELP to develop Language and Communication skills. Contrast to Girls’ Bedroom Culture. Governments polices : raising boys achievement
Explain the EXTERNAL Factor that affects BOYS ACHIEVEMENT - DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL MEN’S JOBS
Since 80’s, been SIGNIFICANT DECLINE in HEAVY such as iron, in steel, mining and engineering. Partly due to Globalisation of economy - Manufacturing Industry relocating to developing countries due to cheaper labour. Traditionally employed men - MITSOS & BROWNE - ‘Identity Crisis for Men’ - Boys Bleieve LITTLE PROSPECT of Getting a PROPER JOB - GIVE UP Trying to get QUALIFICATIONS
What are 3 INTERNAL FACTORS that affect BOYS ACHIEVEMENT
- FEMINISATION of EDUCATION
- SHORTAGE of MALE PRIMARY School TEACHERS
- LADDISH SUBCULTURES
Explain the INTERNAL FACTOR of BOYS ACHIEVEMENT - FEMINISATION OF EDUCATION
SEWELL - Boys fall behind because Education has Become ‘FEMINISED’. Schools DON’T NURTURE MASCULINE TRAITS such as Competitiveness and Leadership. they CELEBRATE QUALITIES more Closely Associated with GIRLS. Coursework is a major cause of gender difference. Argues Coursework should be Replaced by Final Exams and greater emphasis on outdoor adventure in the curriculum.
