BPH

Question 1

Cause of BPH

Answer 1

hyperplasia of the stromal and epithelial cells of the prostate
(usually presents with lower urinary tract symptoms)

Question 2

lower urinary tract symptoms

Answer 2

hesitancy
weak flow
urgency
frequency
intermittency
straining
terminal dribbling
incomplete emptying
nocturia

Question 3

assessment for BPH

Answer 3

PR exam
abdo exam
urinary frequency volume chart
urine dipstick
prostate specific antigen

Question 4

common causes of raised PSA

Answer 4

prostate cancer
BPH
prostatitis
urinary tract infections
vigorous exercise
recent ejaculation or prostate stimulation

Question 5

management of BPH

Answer 5

medical:
- alpha blockers (tamsulosin) to relax smooth muscle
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) to gradually reduce the size of the prostate

surgical:
- transurethral resection of the prostate
- transurethral electrovaporisation of the prostate
- holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
open prostatectomy

Question 6

side effect of alpha blockers like tamsulosin

Answer 6

postural hypotension

Question 7

side effect of finasteride

Answer 7

sexual dysfunction