BPH and Prostatitis 3.1 Flashcards Preview

AC- CLPT lectures > BPH and Prostatitis 3.1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in BPH and Prostatitis 3.1 Deck (15)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Mens health poorer than womens because they are reluctant to access health services, less interested/concerned about their health, less likely to report symptoms, behaviours and attitudes related to career and lifestyle choices, sociocultural and biological factors

true or false

A

true :(

2
Q

What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia for benign prostatic…?

> enlarged prostate

A

Hyperplasia = increased number of cells

Hypertrophy = increased cell size

3
Q

What is the most common benign tumour in men?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

> not cancer

> doest not raise the risk of prostate cancer

4
Q

What condition is associated with the most lower urinary tract symptoms in those >50 years in men?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

5
Q

What causes BPH? Risk factors?

A

Causes: directly related to ageing and hormonal activity

Risk factors: NONE known (other than testicles functioning normally)

> removing testicles (e.g. due to cancer) results in prostate shrinking

6
Q

What does enlarged prostate lead to?

A

Obstructs urethra and bladder = LUTS associated with BPH

> 50% of males aged 51-60 years

> 90% of those over 85 years old

7
Q

Pathophysiology of BPH?

A

Prostate divided into an inner and outer zone

> inner zone = BPH

> outer zone = Malignancies

  • Testosterone converted by 5-alpha reductase to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
  • DHT stimulates hormone growth factors –> influence cell division/proliferation –> prostate enlargement and hyperplasia

> more cell proliferationa and less cell death

8
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of BPH? Why do this these things occur?

A

Prostate enlargement compresses urehtra which in addition to increase adrenergic tone causes outlet obstruction

> benign clinical enlargement (BCE)

> bladder outlet obstruction (BOO)

> lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

> failure to store urine (irritative symptoms)

  • frequency
  • nocturia = get up at night to shishi
  • urge incontinence and urgency = sudden urge to urina

> failure to empty the bladder (obstructive symptoms)

  • hesitancy to initiate urination
  • poor flow
  • dribbling after urination
  • incomplete emptying sensation
9
Q

What laboratory findings and investigations to do for BPH?

A

U & Es, FBC, LFTs

> ALP elevations: prostate malignancy

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

> rules out cancer, levels raised in BPH

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

> general idea about the size and condition of the prostate

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

Urinalysis

> rules out infection

10
Q

What are complicatiosns with BPH?

A

Acute urinary retention (emergency treatment required)

Renal impairment

Haematuria due to bladder obstruction (blood in urine, rupture of veins in urethra)

Recurrent UTI

Severity of symptoms not related to prostate size

11
Q

What is prostatitis? 3 main types?

A

Inflammation of the prostate gland

Affects men at any age

Major effect on quality of life

3 main types

> acute bacterial

> chronic bacterial

> chronic non-bacterial

12
Q

Explain acute bacterial prostatitis

A
  • Associated with acute UTI, trauma, bladder outflow obstruction
  • Can progress to chronic
  • Least common form of prostatitis
  • Serious
13
Q

Explain chronic bacterial prostatitis

A
  • Chronic/relapsing UTI
  • Associated with pain/discomfort
  • Rare
14
Q

Explain chronic non-bacterial prostatitis

A

AKA chronic pelvin pain syndrome = pelvic pain, LUTS

> pain affects lower abdomen; lower back, rectu, penis, testicles, perineum

> not associated with UTI

> 90-95% of cases of chronic prostatitis

15
Q

Signs and symptoms of prostatitis?

A
  • LUTS
  • Perineal pain, prostatic tenderness and fever (acute prostatitis)
  • Chronic pelvin pain (chronic prostatitis)
  • Chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI)

> used to define severity; also for monitoring