BPOC Flashcards

1
Q

Tipuri de emfizem

Consecintele enfizemului.

A

Emfizem centro-acinar , in jurul bronhiolei terminale
Emfizem pan-acinar, intreg acinul
Consecinte : linitare expiratorie ( obstrucite ) si air-trapping. Creste CPT
Se va limita debitul expirator si schimbrile gazoase ( capacitatea de transfer gazos)

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2
Q

Modificari histologice ale cailor aerene in BPOC

A

Hiperplazaia glandelor mucoase
Cresterea numarului ceuilelor ciliate caliciforme
Metaplazie scuamoasa
Pierderea suportului intersitital
Infiltare cu neutrofile, limfocite predominat CD8 si macrofage.

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3
Q

Factori patogenici

A

Fumul de tigara- cresc neutrofilele , dezechilibru proteaze-antiproteaze
-hipertrofie glande mucose
Infectii
Deficit alfa1-antitripsina -2% din cazuri de enfizem

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4
Q

Simptome BPOC

A

Tuse productiva cu spiuta muco-urulenta
Dispenee
Weezing

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5
Q

Semne BPOC

A

Raluri sibilante.
Forme severe- polipnee si expir prelungit; tiraj intercostal, respir cu buze pensate.
-excursii costale reduse, hiperinflatie, absenta matitati normale
Sensibil CO2 : dispnee fara cianoza
Insensibil CO2: cianoza,edeme fara dispnee
Hipercapnie : VD periferica, flapping temor, puls amplu
Hipercapnie severa: stare confuzionala si somnolenta progresiva; edem papilar

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6
Q

Teste functionale pulmonare modificate

A

Indice Trifaneau scazut (VEMS/CVF) si PEF scazut
Clasificare severitatii- indicele GOLD <80% GOLD 1-4
Factor de transfer al monoxidului de carbon este scazut

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7
Q

Teste functionale pulmonare modificate

A

Indice Trifaneau scazut (VEMS/CVF) si PEF scazut
Clasificare severitatii- indicele GOLD <80% GOLD 1-4
Factor de transfer al monoxidului de carbon este scazut

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8
Q

Terapia medicamentoasa in BPOC. Clasele de medicamente

A

Bronhodilatatore - agonisti beta-adrenergici BADSA-forme usoare BADLA- sever
-anticolinergice Tiotropium
-teofilina
Inhibitori de fosfodiesteraza tip 4 -Roflumilast VEMS<50
Corticosteroizi -exacerbari si VEMS<50
Antibiotice-intodeauna in episoadele acute
Mucolitice

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9
Q

Oxigenoterapia aduce beneficiu caror pacienti?

A

PaO2 <55 mmHg in aerul ambient,masurate in 2 oacazii la min 3 sapt
PaO2< 60 mmHg cu policitemie secundara, hipoxemie nocturna, edeme periferice
sau HTP
Pa02< 55mmHg in fibroza chistica, astm cronic sever
Cancer pulmonar sau apnee in somn in pofida terapiei
Carboxihemoglobina <3 dupa oprire fumat fumat

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10
Q

Masuri aditionale de tatament

A

Vaccinuriel
Terapia de substitutiei a alfa1-antitripsinei (nivel seric <310mg/L)
Excizia chirurgicala a bulelor de enfizem
Valve endobronsice
Flebectomie daca HT>55 %

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11
Q

Care e intervalul tinta pentru oxigenoterapie in exacerbarea BPOC?

A

88-92%

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12
Q

Cand se apeleaza la Ventilatie non-invaziva?

A

Ph<7,35 persistent
frecventa respiratorie >23/min
PaO2 <60 mmHG
PaCo2 >49mm Hg

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13
Q

Contraindicatii ventilatie non-invaziva

A

Absolute : deformari faciale, arsuri faciale ,varsaturi, astm
Relative: ph,7,15; ph<7,25 cu factori de gravitate, Glasgow <8; confuzie sau agitatie ; tulburari cognitive

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14
Q

Ce cuprinde indicele BODE?

A

IMC
Gradul de obstructie al cailor aeriente (VEMS)
Gradul de dispnee (MMRC)
Capacitartea de efort- distanta parcursa in 6 min

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15
Q

Factori de prognostic nefavorabil in BPOC

A

Varsta inaintata
Agravarea obstrucitei cailor aeriene - scaderea VEMS
Indice BODE mare (7-10)

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