BPS: ethical Principles & Guidlines

Question 1

Why is the bps?

Answer 1

Association that supports psychologists & regulates the profession.

Question 2

Why are each guideline in place?

Answer 2

Ensure participants are protected during research but to also ensure participants will take part in studies.

Question 3

Ethical principle- respect- define respect in this case?

Answer 3

Being willing to explain the ethics of any study/practise & maintaining the dignity of others particularly in regards to culture, role and individual differences.

Question 4

Define ethical principle.

Answer 4

Body which releases codes to guide psychologists.

Question 5

Ethical principle- respect- what is the link to ethical guidelines?

Answer 5

Includes informed consent, confidentiality, privacy and right to withdraw.

Question 6

What is the difference between privacy & confidentiality?

Answer 6

Privacy: a right to.
Confidentiality: should be respected.

Question 7

What is a participants view on privacy?

Answer 7

Everyone has an expectation.
Have a right to decide who knows and who doesn’t.

Question 8

What is a researches view on privacy and give an example?

Answer 8

Might be difficult.
Eg: conducting an observational study- observers don’t want them to know as it can affect their behaviour.

Question 9

What is a participants view on confidentiality and give an example?

Answer 9

Data protection app- legal right to have their personal information protected.
Eg: no one should be able to connect what a participant does in a study to their personal details.

Question 10

Informed consent: what does it look like?

Answer 10

Participants must be given comprehensive information concerning the nature & purpose of a study & their role in it.

Question 11

Informed consent: what is a participants view on it?

Answer 11

Wish to know what they are letting themselves in for if they agree.

Question 12

Informed consent: what is it necessary for?

Answer 12

In order to make informed decisions about whether to participate in a study.

Question 13

Informed consent: how might vulnerable individuals feel?

Answer 13

Eg: children can’t give informed consent and may not be happy that a parent/ guardian gave it on their behalf.

Question 14

Informed consent: what is a researchers view on it and give an example?

Answer 14

Providing comprehensive information may reduce meaningfulness of the research.
Eg: information could reveal study’s aims and could affect participants behaviour.

Question 15

Deception: when does it happen and give an example?

Answer 15

When a participants is not told the true aims of a study or is deliberately misled in some way.
Eg: participants may be given some details about what they will be required to do but other information that may affect their behaviour will be withheld.

Question 16

Deception: what is a scenario in which this would be used?

Answer 16

Might be told that they will have to answer a question bout a certain situation but not told5at their obedience is being assessed.

Question 17

Deception: what is a participants view on it?

Answer 17

Issue because it prevents participants being able to give truly informed consent as they don’t have all the necessary information to make that decision.

Question 18

Deception: what is a researchers view on it?

Answer 18

Some can be relatively harmless and can be compensatied for by an adequate debriefing.

Question 19

Deception: what is an example of where this would happen and what the effect be?

Answer 19

Eg: memory experiment participant may not be told that at the end they will be asked to rate faces for attractiveness instead of recall.
Doesn’t cause significant embarrassment or harm.

Question 20

Deception: what is the fine line between deception and give an example?

Answer 20

Withholding knowledge and telling participants a lie.
Telling them the study is bout something completely different to the true aims.

Question 21

Right to withdraw: what does it mean?

Answer 21

Participants have the right to know they can freely decide not to continue participation in a study at any time.

Question 22

Right to withdraw: what is a participants view?

Answer 22

Important if some information was withheld at the beginning of the study or if they didn’t really understand what might be involved.

Question 23

Right to withdraw: what may act as a barrier and give an example?

Answer 23

My feel they shouldn’t withdraw because it will spoil the study.
Eg: in some studies participants are paid or rewarded in some way so many may not feel able to withdraw.

Question 24

Right to withdraw: what is a researchers view on it?

Answer 24

Loss of participants may bias the study’s findings because the participants who leave e more confident or more intelligent.

Question 25

Right to withdraw: what does it ensure?

Answer 25

Feel comfortable at all times.

Question 26

Right to withdraw: what else does it ensure in terms of what is allowed to be recalled?

Answer 26

Right to withdraw data at the end of the study if they were unhappy about their participation.

Question 27

Protection/ risk from harm: what does harm include and give examples?

Answer 27

any negative physical effects, risk to participants values, beliefs, relationships, status, privacy. Eg: injury, asking to drink alcohol, smoke, psychological effects (anxiety, humiliation or embarrassment.)

Question 28

Protection/ risk from harm: what is the participants view?

Answer 28

Have a no desire to be harmed, expect to be in the same state before and after.

Question 29

Protection/ risk from harm: what is reasonable though?

Answer 29

To expose individuals to risks equivalent to what would be experienced in their everyday life.

Question 30

Protection/ risk from harm: what is a researchers view?

Answer 30

May not be possible to estimate all possible negative effects before conducting a study.

Question 31

What is an ethical issue?

Answer 31

Conflict between what the researcher want and the rights of the participant. What is acceptable.

Question 32

What are the different ways of dealing with ethical issues?

Answer 32

Risk assessment and management, consent and debriefing and research ethics committee.