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Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Brachial plexus consists of

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords Branches

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2
Q

Roots constitute of what

A

Anterior primary Rami of spinal nerves C5-T1
With contributions from C4 and T2

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3
Q

Root C5and C6 form

A

Upper trunk

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4
Q

Root C7 forms

A

Middle trunk

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5
Q

Root C8 and T1 forms

A

Lower trunk

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6
Q

The trunks lie where

A

They lie in the neck between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius covered by axillary sheath from prevertebral fascia

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7
Q

The trunks divide into how many divisions

A

2 divisions , ventral and dorsal and they join to form cords

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8
Q

Lateral cord is formed by

A

Union of ventral divisions of upper and middle trunks

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9
Q

Medial cord is formed by

A

Ventral division of lower trunk

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10
Q

Posterior cord is formed by

A

Dorsal divisions of upper, middle and lower trunks

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11
Q

List the branches of the roots

A

Long thoracic nerve or nerve to serratus anterior(C5-C7)

Dorsal scapular nerve or nerve to rhomboids(C5)

Branches to longus and scaleni muscles (C5-C8)

Phrenic nerve (Main root is from C4 ,C5 contributes little )

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12
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve supplies

A

Rhomboids

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13
Q

Long thoracic nerve supplies

A

Serratus anterior

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14
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Sole motor nerve supply to the diaphragm

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15
Q

Upper trunk gives how many branches

A

2

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16
Q

List the branches of upper trunk

A

Suprascapular(C5-C6)

Nerve to subclavius (C5-C6k

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17
Q

Suprascapular nerve supplies

A

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus

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18
Q

Nerve to subclavius supplies

A

Subclavius muscle

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19
Q

Lateral cord has how many branches

A

3

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20
Q

List the branches of lateral cord

A

Lateral pectoral

Musculocutaneous

Lateral root of median nerve

All C5-C7

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21
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve supplies

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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22
Q

Musculocutaneous supplies

A

Muscles of anterior arm which includes….. Mention them

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23
Q

Lateral root of median nerve

A

It joins the medial root of median nerve forming median nerve
Median nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of forearm and thenar eminence.

24
Q

Branches of medial cord are how many

25
List branches of medial cord
Medial pectoral (C8-T1) Medial cutaneous nerve of arm(C8-T1) Median cutaneous nerve of forearm(C8-T1) Ulnar nerve(C8-T1) Median root of median nerve (C8-T1)
26
Pectoralis major and minor
27
Carries sensory impulse from a small area of medial side of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
28
Carries sensory impulse from a large area of medial side of forearm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
29
Ulnar nerve supplies
Hypothenar eminence 15 intrinsic muscles of palm One an half muscles of anterior forearm
30
Joins lateral root of median nerve and gets distributed with branches of median nerve
Median root of median nerve
31
Posterior cord has how many branches
5
32
List them
Upper subscapular C5-C6 Lower subscapular C5-C6 Nerve to latissimus dorsi C6-C8 Axillary or circumflex C5-C6 Radial C5-C8, T1
33
Supplies subscapularis muscle
Upper subscapscular and Lower Subscapular
34
Supplies teres major
Lower subscapular
35
Supplies deltoid and Teres minor
Axillary or circumflex nerve
36
What is the thickest branch of brachial plexus
Radial nerve
37
Radial nerve supplies
3 heads of triceps brachii 12 muscles on posterior forearm
38
Upper limb is supplied near the trunk by
Supraclavicular branches of cervical plexus Intercostobrachial branch of 2nd intercostal nerve
39
Blood supply to brachial plexus
Vertebral artery Thyrocervical trunk with its branches Suprascapular artery Transverse cervical arteries
40
Site of Erbs paralysis
Erbs point- located in upper trunk of brachial plexus.6 nerves meet there.
41
Cause of injury
Undue separation of the head from the shouder which can be seen in 1 Birth injury 2.Fall on the shoulder 3. During anaesthesia.
42
Nerve root involved
Mainly C5 Partly C6
43
Muscles paralysed
Mainly biceps brachii, deltoid, brachialis brachioradialis. Partly supraspinatus, infraspinatus supinator
44
Deformity and position of limb
The deformity is known as'policeman's tip hand' Arm: Hangs by the side; it is adducted and medially rotated. Forearm: Extended and pronated.
45
What movements are lost
.Abduction and lateral rotation of the arm at shoulder joint. • Flexion and supination of the forearm. • Biceps and supinator jerks are lost. • Sensations are lost over a small area over the lower part of the deltoid.
46
Klumpkes paralysis
47
Site of injury
Lower trunk of the brachial plexus.
48
Cause
Undue abduction of the arm, as in clutching something with the hands after a fall from a height, or sometimes in birth injury.
49
Nerve root involved
Mainly T1 Partly C8
50
Muscles paralyzed
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (T1). •Ulnar flexors of the wrist and fingers (C8)
51
Deformity of hand
Claw hand .
52
Injury to serratus anterior other name
Nerve of bell
53
Cause
1 Sudden pressure on the shoulder from above. 2 Carrying heavy loads on the shoulder.
54
Deformity
Winging of the scapula, i.e. excessive prominence of the medial border of the scapula.
55
Disability
Loss of pushing and punching actions. During attempts at pushing, there occurs winging of the scapula •Overhead abduction of shoulder girdle is partly affected due to intact trapezius muslce.
56
Clinical Problem 1 A patient came with inability to: (i) abduct right shoulder, (ii) flex elbow joint, and (iii) supinate the forearm •What is the site of injury of the nerves? •What is the point called? •What are the nerves affected?
The site of injury is called Erb’s point. Six nerves are involved: i.Ventral ramus of cervical five segment of spinal cord ii.Ventral ramus of cervical six segment of spinal cord These two rami join to form the upper trunk. iii.Suprascapular nerve from upper trunk iv.Nerve to subclavius from upper trunk v.Anterior division of upper trunk vi.Posterior division of upper trunk These divisions give fibres to deltoid, brachialis, biceps brachii, supinator, so the arm cannot be abducted. The elbow is extended and forearm is pronated. This paralysis is called Erb’s paralysis.

Upper Limbs (7 decks)

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