brachial plexus

Question 1

name roots branches

Answer 1

• dorsal scapular
• long thoracic

Question 2

name upper trunks branches

Answer 2

• suprascapular
• nerve to subclavius

Question 3

name lateral cord branches

Answer 3

• lateral pectoral
• musculocutaneous
• lateral root of median nerven

Question 4

name posterior cord branches

Answer 4

• inferior subscapular
• superior subscapular
• middle subbscapuar (thoracodorsal)
• axillary nerve
• radial nerve

Question 5

name medial cord branches

Answer 5

• medial pectoral
• medial brachial cutaneous
• medial antebrachial cutaneous
• ulnar nerve
• medial root of median nerve

Question 6

dorsal scapular

Answer 6

• rhomboid major
• rhomboid minor
• levator scapulae

Question 7

long thoracic nerve

Answer 7

• serratus anterior

Question 8

suprascapular nerve

Answer 8

• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus

Question 9

nerve to subclavius

Answer 9

subclavius

Question 10

lateral pectoral nerve

Answer 10

pec major

Question 11

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 11

• coracobrachialis
• biceps brachii
• brachialis
• skin along lateral border of forearm when it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 12

lateral root and median root of median nerve

Answer 12

• pronator teres
• flexor carpi radialis
• palmaris longus
• flexor digitorum superficialis
  3 thenar muscles:
• abductor pollicis brevis
• flexor pollicis brevis
• opponens pollicis
• 1st 2 lumbricals (by way of anterior interosseous branch
• flexor pollicis longus
• flexor digitorum profudus (lateral half)
• pronator quadratus
• palmar cutaneous branch to lateral half of arm
• digital branches to palmar surface of lateral 3 and 1/2 fingers
• articular branches to elbow, wrist and carpal joints

F da police cars radio pronate palms up LOAF

Question 13

upper subscapular nerve

Answer 13

subscapularis

Question 14

thoracodrosal

Answer 14

latissimus dorsi

Question 15

lower subscapular nerve

Answer 15

subscapularis and teres major

Question 16

axillary nerve

Answer 16

• deltoid and teres minor
• upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm supplies skin over lower half of deltoid muscle

Question 17

radial nerve

Answer 17

• triceps
• anconeus
• part of brachialis
• extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor muscles of forearm via deep radial nerve:
- supinator
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor indices
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- skin

Question 18

medial pectoral nerve

Answer 18

pec major and minor muscles

Question 19

medial cutaneous nerve of arm (MBC)

Answer 19

skin of medial side of arm

Question 20

medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (MABC)

Answer 20

skin of medial side of forearm

Question 21

ulnar nerve

Answer 21

• flexor carpi ulnaris
• medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
• flexor digitorum minimi
• opponens digiti minimi
• adductor pollicis
• 3rd and 4th lumbricals
• interossei
• palmaris brevis
• skin of medial side of dorsum of hand and palm
• skin of palmar and dorsal surfaces of medial 1.5 fingers

Question 22

relation of axillary artery with cords

Answer 22

• All 3 cords lie above + lateral to 1st part of
  axillary artery
• medial cord crosses behind to reach the medial side of the second part of the artery - posterior cord lies behind 2nd part of the artery,
• lateral cord lies on lateral side of the 2nd part of the artery.

Question 23

where does axillary artery begin and end

Answer 23

• continuation of subclavian artery after crosses outer border of first rib
• ends at lower border of teres major - becomes brachial artery

Question 24

1st part axillary artery relations

Answer 24

anteriorly: skin + pec major
- cephalic vein crosses the artery

posteriorly: long thoracic nerve

laterally: 3 cords of brachial plexus

medially: axillary vein

Question 25

2nd part of axillary artery relations

Answer 25

anteriorly: pec minor, pec major and skin posteriorly: posterior cord of brachial plexus laterally: lateral cord of brachial plexus medially: medial cord of brachial plexus and axillary vein

Question 26

3rd part of axillary artery relations

Answer 26

anteriorly: pec major for more distal part - then medial root of median nerve crosses the artery posteriorly: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major - axillary and radial nerves also lie behind the artery laterally: coracobrachialis, biceps and humerus - lateral root of median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve also lie on lateral side medially: ulnar nerve, axillary vein and medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

Question 27

axillary branches 1st part

Answer 27

highest thoracic artery - small and extremely variable - runs along upper border of pec minor to reach 1st 2 ribs

Question 28

axillary branches 2nd part

Answer 28

1. thoracoacromial artery: divides into 4 terminal branches - pectoral - acromial - clavicular - deltoid 2. lateral thoracic artery - runs along lower border of pec minor

Question 29

axillary branches 3rd part

Answer 29

1. subscapular artery - lower border of scapula - divides into circumflex scapula - curls around the axillary border of the scapula to reach the infraspinous fossa - and thoracodorsal artery - descends along the latissimus dorsi muscle to reach the lateral thoracic wall. 2. anterior circumflex humeral artery 3. posterior circumflex humeral artery wind around the front and the back of the surgical neck of the humerus, respectively, and form an anastomosing circle. posterior artery is the larger of the two and passes through the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve to reach the scapular region

Question 30

how does axillary artery anastomose with subclavian and why

Answer 30

- extreme mobility of shoulder joint may result in kinking and temporary occlusion of its lumen - suprascapular artery distirbuted to infra and superspinous fossae - superficial cervical artery gives off deep branch that runs down the medial border of the scapula these both anastomose with 3rd part of axillary artery branches