brachial plexus

Question 1

upper trunk brachial plexus injuries are often caused by: (list 2 mechanisms)

Answer 1

trauma eg 1) falling onto head or 2) lateral flexion of baby’s head during birth

Question 2

classic name for upper trunk brachial plexus injury; also nerve roots involved

Answer 2

Erb’s palsy (waiters palsy); c5-c6 roots

Question 3

name of shape for arm adducted, medially rotated, extended, pronated

Answer 3

waiter’s tip

Question 4

lower trunk brachial plexus injuries are often caused by: (2 mechanisms)

Answer 4

trauma eg (1) grabbing tree on way down or (2) pulling baby’s arm during exit from birth canal

Question 5

numb lateral forearm and weak flexion at elbow and weak supination associated with what lesion?

Answer 5

musculocutaneous nerve lesion

Question 6

klumpke palsy presents with and is associated with x injury

Answer 6

total claw hand upper brachial plexus trunk

Question 7

nerve lesion causing numb sargeant’s patch and difficulty abducting >15 degrees at shoulder

Answer 7

axillary nerve lesion

Question 8

dorsal lateral hand (in anatomical perspective) and dorsal forearm and arm sensory loss coupled with either WRIST DROP or weak elbow extension, triceps reflex, and absent supinator reflex

Answer 8

radial nerve lesion

Question 9

sensory loss to lateral palmar hand//thenar eminance

Answer 9

median nerve lesion

Question 10

extending fingers results in claw for lesions of these two nerves: distinguish each

Answer 10

ulnar and median

Question 11

proximal median nerve lesion results in …. when trying to make a fist hint: similar to distal ulnar nerve except different context of attempted motion to get to it

Answer 11

Pope’s blessing

Question 12

what structures pass through the interscalene triangle ?

Answer 12

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 13

define thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 13

compression of neurovascular structures of upper limb as they go through costoclavicular space

Question 14

sxs of TOS

Answer 14

pain in upper extremity from point of compression; pallor and numbness and weakness of fingers. sensitivity to cold

Question 15

poorly fitting crutches or sleeping on arm can injure this nerve

Answer 15

radial

Question 16

muscles supplied by axillary nerve

Answer 16

deltoid and teres minor

Question 17

posterior compartment of forearm and arm supplied by

Answer 17

radial nerve

Question 18

muscles supplied by musculocutaneous

Answer 18

biceps brachii, brachialis and coricobrachialis

Question 19

waiter’s tip assoc. with two nerves:

Answer 19

axillary and musculocutaneous

Question 20

biceps reflex absence could signify lesion in this nerve

Answer 20

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 21

describe course of median nerve in relation to another vessel as it passes through the arm

Answer 21

goes down anterior arm with brachial artery, and is medial to brachial artery at lvl of mid arm onward (distally)

Question 22

muscles supplied by median nerve:

Answer 22

I. anterior forearm except for 1) flexor carpi ulnaris and 2) ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus II. First and second lumbricals; opponens pollicis; abductor pollicic brevis; flexor pollicis brevis superficial head

Question 23

ulnar nerve passes next to this epicondyle on humerus:

Answer 23

medial

Question 24

ulnar nerve supplies

Answer 24

flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus, and all intrinsic muscles of hand except for thenar and first second lumbricals

Question 25

describe sensory innervation of arm and forearm in terms of 1) musculocutaneous nerve (which becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm); 2) radial nerve (posterior brachial and antebrachial, inferior-lateral cutaneous nerve); 3) medial antebrachial and brachial nerves

Answer 25

Question 26

describe sensory innervation of hand in terms of median, radial, and ulnar nerves

Answer 26

see diagram

Question 27

describe collateral circulation around scapula in terms of the 3 arteries that comprise it

Answer 27

1) suprascapular artery 2) transverse cervical (aka dorsal scapular) artery 3) circumflex scapular artery (from subscapular artery)

Question 28

which two areas are the borders between (within) which you may put ligatures on the axillary artery?

Answer 28

between the thyrocervical trunk and the subscapular branch.