Brachial Plexus and Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards by Steven Chung

pectoralis major proximal attachment

clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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pec major distal attachment

lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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pec major innervation

lateral and medial pectoral nerves
clavicular head: (C5, C6)
sternocostal head: (C7, C8, T1)

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pec major main action

adduction and medial rotation of humerus
clavicular head flexes humerus
sternocostal head extends it from flexed position

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pec minor proximal attachment

3rd-5th ribs near costal cartilage

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pec minor distal attachment

coracoid process

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pec minor innervation

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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pec minor muscle action

stabilize scapula

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subclavius proximal attachment

junction of 1st rib near costal cartilage

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subclavius distal attachment

inferior surface of middle 1/3rd of clavicle

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subclavius innervation

nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

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subclavius muscle action

anchors and depresses clavicle

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serratus anterior proximal attachment

external surfaces of 1st to 8th ribs

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serratus anterior distal attachment

medial border of scapula

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serratus anterior innervation

long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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serratus anterior muscle action

protract scapula

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trapezius proximal attachment

superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12

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trapezius distal attachment

lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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trapezius innervation

spinal accessory nerve CN XI, C3, C4 spinal nerve

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latissimus dorsi proximal attachment

spinous processes T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

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lat distal attachment

floor of intertubercular sulcus

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lat innervation

thoracodorsal nerve, middle subscapular nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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lat muscle action

extend, adduct, medial rotation of humerus, climbing

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levator scap proximal attachment

transverse process C1-C4

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levator scap distal attachment

medial border of scap, superior to spine of scap

levator scap innervation

dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) and cervical nerves (C3,C4)

levator scap action

elevate scapula

rhomboid major proximal attachment

T2-T5 spinous process

rhomboid minor proximal attachment

C7-T1 spinous process, nuchal ligament

rhomboid major distal attachment

medial border of scap from spine to inferior angle

rhomboid minor distal attachment

medial end of scapular spine

rhomboid major and minor innervation

dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

rhomboid muscle action

retract scap

deltoid proximal attachment

lateral 1/3rd of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

deltoid distal attachment

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid innervation

axillary (C5, C6)

deltoid muscle action

anterior: flex and medial rotation middle: abduction posterior: extend and lateral rotation

supraspinatus proximal attachment

supraspinous fossa

supraspinatus distal attachment

superior facet of greater tubercle

supraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

supraspinatus muscle action

initiate abduction, rotator cuff

infraspinatus proximal attachment

infraspinous fossa

infraspinatus distal attachment

middle facet of greater tubercle

infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

infraspinatus muscle action

lateral rotation, rotator cuff

teres minor proximal attachment

middle part of lateral border of scap

teres minor distal attachment

inferior facet of greater tubercle

teres minor innervation

axillary nerve (C5, C6)

teres minor muscle action

lateral rotation, rotator cuff

teres major proximal attachment

inferior angle of scap

teres major distal attachment

medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

teres major innervation

lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

subscapularis proximal attachment

subscapular fossa

subscapularis distal attachment

lesser tubercle

subscapularis innervation

upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7)

subscap muscle action

medial rotation, rotator cuff

quadrangular space borders

``` right two fingers over left index finger under left middle finger left middle: teres minor left index: teres major right middle: humerus right index: long head triceps ```

structures passing through quadrangular space

axillary nerve | posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

coracobrachialis proximal attachment

coracoid process

coracobrachialis distal attachment

middle 1/3rd of medial surface of humerus

coracobrachialis innervation

musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)

coracobrachialis muscle action

flex and adduct arm

biceps long head proximal attachment

supraglenoid tubercle

biceps long head distal attachment

radial tuberosity

biceps long head and short head innervation

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

biceps long head muscle action

supinates forearm, flexes forearm when supinated

biceps short head proximal attachment

coracoid process

biceps short head distal attachment

radial tuberosity

triceps long head proximal attachment

infraglenoid tubercle

triceps long head, medial and lateral head distal attachment

olecranon

triceps long head, medial head, lateral head innervation

radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

triceps action

chief extensor of forearm

triceps medial head proximal attachment

humerus below radial groove

triceps lateral head proximal attachment

humerus above radial groove

anconeus proximal attachment

lateral epicondyle

anconeus distal attachment

olecranon

anconeus innervation

radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

anconeus muscle action

aids triceps in extension, stabilize elbow

triangular space borders

superior border: teres minor inferior border: teres major lateral border: long head of triceps

what structure goes through triangular space

scapular circumflex artery

triangular interval borders

superior border: teres major medial border: lateral border of triceps lateral border: medial head of triceps

what structure goes through triangular interval

radial artery | profunda brachii artery

brachialis proximal attachment

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

brachialis distal attachment

coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

brachialis innervation

``` musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) radial nerve (C5, C7) ```

borders of cubital fossa

superior: imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles medial: lateral boundary of pronator teres lateral: medial border of brachioradialis

what structures go through carpal tunnel

median nerve tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendon of flexor pollicis longus

mallet/ baseball finger injury

tear in terminal slip @ DIP joint | distal interphalangeal joint is flexed

boutonniere's deformity

tear in middle slip @ PIP joint | distal interphalangeal joint is hyperextended

musculocutaneous nerve roots

C5, C6, C7

axillary nerve roots

C5, C6

radial nerve roots

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

median nerve roots

C6, C7, C8, T1

ulnar nerve roots

C8, T1