Brain

Question 1

What are the 5 major divisions of the brain?

Answer 1

Myelencephalon, Metencephalon, mesencephalon, Diencephalon, telencephalon.

Question 2

What are the neuron types in the dorsal root and what do they form?

Answer 2

Sensory unipolar, with cell bodies outside spine forming dorsal root ganglia.

Question 3

What are neurons in the ventral root?

Answer 3

Multipolar motor neurons with cell bodies in ventral horns.

Question 4

What is the myelencephalon?

Answer 4

Hindbrain, posterior end, tracts from signal between body and brain, reticular formation (little net/ small nuclei)

Question 5

What is the metencephalon are what are the two major divisions?

Answer 5

Hindbrain. Major divisions are Pons (tracts in bulges, ventral surface of brain stem). Cerebellum - ball gown. folded, sensorimotor functions.

Question 6

What is the mesencephalon and its major divisions?

What are the tegmentums 5 bits? (RCPRS)

Answer 6

Midbrain, major divisions tectum - dorsal, superior/ inferior colliculi,
tegmentum - ventral, reticular formation, cerebral aqueduct (connects 3 /4 ventricle) periaqueductal grey, red nucleus and substantia nigra = sensorimotor functions.

Question 7

What is the Diencephalon?

Answer 7

Forebrain - two major division - thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus - two lobes either side of 3rd ventricle, top of brainstem, separated by massa intermedia. Has pairs of nuclei.

Question 8

What are the pairs of nuclei in thalamus and which are most understood ?

Answer 8

visual, audio and somatosensory info - lateral geniculate, medial geniculate, and ventral posterior nuclei.
Sensory relay.

Question 9

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 9

Regulates motivation behaviors via pituitary gland. Houses optic chasm and mammillary bodies.

Question 10

What is the telencephalon?

Answer 10

Forebrain. Everything else in this!

Question 11

Name the areas in the forebrain and what they do.

Answer 11

Sulci - shallow grooves in cortex.
Fissure - large furrows divide lobes.
Corpus callosum - largest fissure
Central fissure and lateral fissure - divide brain into frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

Question 12

What do the various lobes do?

Answer 12

Occipital - visual
Parietal - sensory. (posterior - object/ body location)
Temporal - Superior - hearing. Inferior - complex patterns, Medial - memory and learning
Frontal - anterior - organising, processing, solving, language, emotional regulation.

Question 13

What do the post and pre central gyrus do and where are they located?

Answer 13

Post - integrates sensory information, parietal lobes

Pre - voluntary movement, frontal cortex

Question 14

What subcortical systems are in the telencephalon?

Answer 14

Limbic and basal banglia

Question 15

What does the limbic system do and what is it?

Answer 15

Four f’s.
Houses amygdala and hippocampus.
Midline structure circling the thalamus.

Question 16

What are the structures of the limbic system?

Answer 16

Amygdala - almond shaped nucleus. anterior to hippo, fear centre.
Cingulate cortex - superior to thalamus, circles it.
Fornix - inferior to cingulate cortex. MAJOR tract in limbic system ends in septum and mamillary bodies.

Question 17

What is basal ganglia?

Answer 17

group of structures linked to thalamus. Subcortical part of telencephalon. Coordination of movement. Projections from substantia nigra ( mesencephalon/midbrain/ sensory nuclei) to striatum.

Question 18

What is the caudate?

Answer 18

Forms striatum with putamen. Tail like, from posterior of thalamus.