Brain Flashcards

Question

What proportion of the primary motor cortex is take up to control the face?

Answer 1

Conscious appreciation/perception of sensation -“touch, pressure, pain & temperature” Located posterior to the central sulcus, in the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe Each region receives nerve impulses from a specific part of the body (input from skin), and projects sensation out to the skin Somatotopically organised according to the distorted body map of the sensory homunculus Size devoted in cortical area which receives impulses depends on the number of receptors present (not the size of the body part) Larger regions-lips, tongue, face, fingertips/hands - very discriminative and very precise Highly discriminative - can pinpoint somatic sensations

Answer 2

Lips, Tongue, Face, Fingertip/hands highly discriminative and very precise

Answer 3

Located on the posterior tip of the occipital lobe, seen best on medial surface next to the longitudinal fissure Surrounds the Calcarine sulcus Receives Visual information/Visual perception-functional relationship with vision Visuotopically organised (according to the map of the visual field) and Retinotopically organised (according to the map of the retina) Highly acute Central part of the visual field is: Discriminative, Upside down, Tip of the cortex Peripheral=Deep part of the Cortex Very discriminative sensation in the middle Visual field on the right side goes to the opposite side of the brain Brain flips the image Right and Left side’s combine to give 3D panoramic vision There is communication with the visual field on the opposite side, is a continuous representation in the brain Supplementary visual field is involved with movement and colour, and adds quality

Answer 4

To do with Primary Somatosensory cortex Project sensation to region that is effected amputation below knee with no leg or foot theoretically no sensation from leg or foot now But if you knock the end of the stump where the nerve is now a crumpled nodule, they still claim to see their foot- still interpret information from foot -Still project sensory information out to the skin

Answer 5

Located superior part of the temporal lobe, near the Lateral Fissure Receives information from sound, from the opposite ear Involved in auditory perception Transverse gyrus of heschl located 2.5cm deep into the lateral fissure, receives input from ear on opposite side Tonotopically organised- according to frequency/pitch = Front=Low freq. and Back=High freq.

Answer 6

CVA = CerebroVascular Accident Characterised by an abrupt onset or persisting neurological symptoms such as :Paralysis or Loss of sensation a. Intra-cerebral haemorrhage from blood vessels b.blood clots c. atherosclerosis –> formation of cholesterol-contianing plaques that block blood flow Stroke on right side affected by opposite side of the brain Risk factors: - High BP blood pressure, High blood Cholesterol, Diabetes, Smoking

Answer 7

Lesion would Paralyse muscle movement on the Opposite side of the body the Particular muscle(s) paralysed would depend on Where on the 1 Primary motor cortex/motor homunculus the lesion occurs

Answer 8

Lesion would result in Loss of Sensation on the opposite side if the body The particular area with loss of sensation depends on Where on the mapping of the 1 Primary somatosensory cortex/according to the sensory homunculus

Answer 9

A lesion would lead to a Loss of Hearing in the opposite ear

Answer 10

A lesion would result in a Loss of vision in the opposite eye

Answer 11

Dominant side Verbal language area/centres used to Talk 80-90% of people are Right handed Hearing, Speaking, Reading, Writing -to accumulate knowledge and expand societies

Answer 12

Non Dominant side Non-verbal language LH= Some still have a dominant Left Hemisphere, Few other’s have it divided between the two hemispheres 1. Non-verbal language area (body language) (90% of communication) 2. Emotional expression (language) - modulation of speech 3. Spatial skills (3D) - shape of the object 4. Conceptual understanding 5. Artistic and Musical Skills - someone who can’t talk could sing Large extent on right hemisphere but not entirely

Answer 13

Injury to non-verbal language areas Loss of Non-verbal (body) language Speech lacks emotion Spatial disorientation Inability to recognise familiar objects Lack of musical appreciation

Answer 14

2 Secondary areas

Answer 15

Wernicke’s Speech Area Association area Enlarged region on the Left hemisphere Located as a broad region in the Left Temporal and Parietal Lobes UNDERSTANDING- analyses/interprets meaning of speech by recognising the spoken word Has accumulate overtime the meanings of words ACTIVE= as it translates words–> thoughts Corresponding right hemisphere add emotional content/expression

Answer 16

Broca’s Speech Area Motor area Located in the Frontal lobe close to the Lateral fissure/sulcus Inferior Frontal Gyrus under the motor cortex Triangular Motor control/articulation/pronunciation of speech Has accumulated motor information to allow for the production of speech From Broca’s speech area nerve impulses pass to the pre-motor cortex regions that control the Larynx, Pharynx and mouth, to move in a precise way, resulting in Specific, co-ordinated muscle contractions, to speech clear words The co-ordinated contraction of speech and breathing muscles allow you to speech your thoughts Simultaneous impulses propagate from here to the 1 Primary motor cortex, and also controls breathing muscle to regulate flow or air past the vocal cords

Answer 17

bundle of fibres which connects Wernicke’s Speech area (sensory) with Broca’s speech area (motor) -if affected Conduction aphasia

Answer 18

Located in the Frontal cortex Pre motor area controls Voluntary scanning moments of the eye -what you of when reading

Answer 19

Activates muscles in order to Write has accumulated memory of how to write and trains cells in the area so are able to write words Located In-front of the 1 Primary motor cortex’s area which controls the fingers Corresponding Right Hemisphere controls intelligence, spatial, art and musical skills

Answer 20

Located as part of the Inferior Parietal Lobule Critical for Reading and Writing These neural cells have Stored up the Patterning of -Words, Shapes and Meanings

Answer 21

Disorder of speech associated with the brain

Answer 22

Disorder of muscle co-ordination due to damage (trauma or disease) to the cerebellum Results in Unco-ordinated movements or Loss of balance

Answer 23

Hear, but cannot understand/recognise speech Still able to speak and hear, but lack of understanding is due to inability to arrange words in your head in a coherent fashion is the area associated with Understanding and recognising spoken words “disorder of speech” Sensory aphasia Fluent aphasia (as you can still from words)

Answer 24

Problem’s pronouncing words Still have clear thoughts, but cannot form words, pronounce speech/words is the area responsible for the articulation of speech (motor speech area) This is due to the muscle being Unable to produce co-ordinated speech Note: can still Use the muscle of the speech apparatus, but this critical region No Longer Co-ordinated the speech muscles Motor aphasia Non-fluent aphasia (as can no longer form words) Motor/speech aphasia Expressive aphasia

Answer 25

Separates input from output -reply unrelated due to disconnection The pathway connecting Wernicke’s and Broca’s area Individual will still Hear and Understand spoken words, and still Pronounce/Speak clearly with co-ordinated speech muscles, but their Reply will be Unrelated to the question- as input and output are no longer Connected Damaged by a tumour deep in the Temporal Lobe Conduction aphasia Dis-conduction aphasia (also Fluent aphasia as you can still produce words)

Answer 26

Tip of the 1 Primary Visual cortex

Answer 27

Deep part of the 1 Primary Visual cortex

Answer 28

Medial surface

Answer 29

“body” “hard” Broad band of White matter of Axons which Extends Internally between Hemispheres to connect them

Answer 30

Longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 31

complex areas Processes information received by the primary cortexes Most highly developed in humans (rats have hardly any) -these are the areas which allow us to carry out really complex functions Complex neural interactions/functions , which are not entirely distinct Connected via association tracts

Answer 32

FMCBIP frontal- Mood (e. Temporal A.c.) Cognitive function (how you think) Behaviour (behavioural profile) Intelligence (w. Temporal A.c.) Personality (hard to define. personality profile) - Massive association area Hugely developed in humans Very important Very complex functions Tumour/Blood clot pushing down = change in personality

Answer 33

Spatial skills 3D recognition a. shapes b. faces c. written words d. concepts e. abstract perception - present on both sides Little more on one side for the written word Input from all sensory areas- bring info tpgether

Answer 34

AMMI Aggression Memory (short term very important, longterm still important) (critical, allows for individual and worldly advancement) Mood (w. Frontal) Intelligence (w. Frontal) -each feature is Not specifically localised- is a complicated relationship - rats have hardly any temporal association area Memory is critical, allows for advancement individually and collectively as humans Short term memory is slightly more important Intelligence is really complex and hard to define functional area

Answer 35

Each features is NOT specifically localised -It is a complicated relationship

Brain Flashcards

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