Brain 2

Question 1

What’s the role of the cerebellum? Outline main histology

Answer 1

• movement, balance, a lot of connectivity to the brain stem
• inferior olive nucleus (collection of neuronal cell bodies), has projections to the cerebellum = climbing fibers (axons carrying nerve impulses) up to dendrites of PCs
• dendrites are processes of neurones that receive synaptic input
• cerebellum has leaf like arrangements (folia)

Question 2

Are Purkinje cells inhibitory or excitatory neurones?

Answer 2

• inhibitory, contains GABA, an inhibitory transmitter

Question 3

Where do the climbing fibers come from?

Answer 3

Inferior Olivary nucleus

Question 4

Where do mossy fibres come from?

Answer 4

from the BRAINSTEM,

mossy fiber makes synapse with golgi cells

Question 5

the BASAL GANGLIA (in the forebrain) has which structures?

Answer 5

• corpus striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus)
• other nuclei (substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens)

Question 6

What do putamen and globus pallidus have in common?

Answer 6

• they form a lentiform nucleus

Question 7

What are the functions of basal ganglia?

Answer 7

• doesn’t initiate movements
• scales strength of muscle contractions
• organises correct sequences of excitation of neurones in motor cortex
• planning ahead for movements

Question 8

What’s the hippocampus role?

Answer 8

learning and memory
(shape of a seahorse)
- place cells (spatial awareness)

Question 9

How many layers have the cerebral cortex have?

Answer 9

6

Question 10

Name the lobes and basic functions of the cerebrum

Answer 10

a. frontal lobe = motor, mood, thinking
b. parietal lobe = L- initiation of movement, R- spatial relationships
c. occipital lobe = vision
d. temporal lobe =hearing, language

Question 11

Name the two sensory pathways

Answer 11

• Spinothalamic

* Dorsal column

Question 12

What’s the target of dorsal column pathway?

Answer 12

Somatosensory cortex -> SI (post-central girus)
‘‘Note it is different from :
Pyramidal cortex bc of the pyramidal cells/ motor cortex-> Pre-central girus’’

Question 13

Name the language areas

Answer 13

• BROCA’s AREA (motor speech), if damage- can’t speak properly
• WERNICKE’s AREA (sensory speech), if damaged, can’t understand speech

in 90% ppl it is on the left side