Brain Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 5 lobes of the brain?
- Frontal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Insula, or Island of Reil
- What are gyri?
1a. What type of matter is gyri made up of? - What are sulci?
- What is the purpose of gyri and sulci?
- Which sulcus is formed before birth?
- Gyri or singularly, gyrus is the name for the bumpy protrusions of the cerebral cortex.
1a. Gyri are made up of Grey matter. Consisting of nerve cell bodies and dendrites. - Sulci is the name for the grooves in the cerebral cortex.
- Gyri and sulci help to increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex and they form brain divisions.
- The central sulcus is formed before birth.
What functions is the frontal lobe involved in?
- Motor function
- Problem solving
- Spontaneity
- Memory
- Initiation
- Judgement
- Impulse control
- Social & sexual behavior
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
The parietal lobe is responsible for processing somatosensory information from the body which includes;
- Touch
- Pain
- Temperature
- Proprioception
What functions does the occipital lobe control?
The occipital lobe is the visual processing area of the brain. It is associated with;
- Visuospatial processing
- Distance & depth perception
- Color determination
- Object and face recognition
- Memory formation
- What functions does the temporal lobe control?
1a. Which side (left or right) is considered to be the “dominant lobe” in most people?
- The temporal lobe are believed to play an important role in processing…
- affect/emotions
- Language
- Certain aspects of visual perception
1a. The left side is considered to be dominant and is involved in understanding language, learning and remembering verbal information.
What is the cerebellum responsible for and where is it located?
The cerebellum (Latin for the little brain) is located near the brainstem and is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements. It’s also responsible for functions relating to motor skills like balance, coordination and posture.
- What is Grey matter?
2. What is white matter?
- Grey matter contains cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals where all synapses are located.
- White matter is Made up of axons, which connect different parts of Grey matter to each other.
What is an infundibulum?
Aninfundibulum(plural: infundibula) is a conical outpouching from an artery (usually intracranial), with a broad base narrowing to an apex from which a vessel originates.
- Where is brocas area located?
2. What is brocas area?
- Brocas area is located on the lateral left side (dominant hemisphere) of the frontal lobe.
- Brocas area is known for its function in speech. Often patients who injured this area of the brain cannot speak, but can sing.
What is the fornix?
Where is the fornix located?
What two things is the fornix associated with?
What 3 processes is the fornix associated with?
Fornixis a C-shaped bundle of nerve fibers located deep in the cerebral hemispheres.It is an important output tract of the hippocampus. It is considered as the main connecting tract of the limbic system. Being a part of the limbic system is associated with the processes of memory, emotions and sexual responses.
How many ventricles in the brain are there?
There are 4 ventricles
Where is the pineal gland located?
What does the pineal gland secrete?
PinealGlandIt is a pinecone-shaped smallglandlocated in the middle of the human brain in between the two hemispheres in an area called epithalamus. It was once known as “the third eye”. It is the major site for melatonin secretion, which regulates the body’s internal clock (Circadian rhythm). Thisglandis rich in calcium levels.
Where are the “Pons” located?
What are the pons Latin for?
Which nerves originate in the pons?
The ponsis a portion of the brain stem, located above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. Although it is small, at approximately 2.5 centimeters long, it serves several important functions. It is a bridge between various parts of the nervous system, including the cerebellum and cerebrum, which are both parts of the brain.
The ponsis a portion of the brain stem, located above the medulla oblongata and below the midbrain. Although it is small, at approximately 2.5 centimeters long, it serves several important functions.
The pons is latin for “bridge.” It is a bridge between various parts of the nervous system, including the cerebellum and cerebrum.
Thetrigeminal nerveis responsible for feeling in the face. I also controls the muscles that are responsible for biting, chewing, and swallowing. Theabducens nerveallows the eyes to look from side to side. Thefacial nervecontrols facial expressions, and thevestibulocochlear nerveallows sound to move from the ear to the brain. All of these nerves start within the pons.
What are the 12 cranial nerves.
What is the mnemonic to remember the 12 cranial nerves?
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Ocular
- Troculear
- Trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibularcoclear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
Oh Oh Oh, To Touch And Feel A Girls Vagina, Ah, heaven.
Explain the Olfactory nerve…
The olfactory nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter.
When you inhale aromatic molecules, they dissolve in a moist lining at the roof of your nasal cavity, called the olfactory epithelium. This stimulates receptors that generate nerve impulses that move to your olfactory bulb. Your olfactory bulb is an oval-shaped structure that contains specialized groups of nerve cells.
From the olfactory bulb, nerves pass into your olfactory tract, which is located below the frontal lobe of your brain. Nerve signals are then sent to areas of your brain concerned with memory and recognition of smells.
Explain the optic nerve…
Theoptic nerveis the sensory nerve that involves vision.
When light enters your eye, it comes into contact with special receptors in yourretinacalled rods and cones. Rods are found in large numbers and are highly sensitive to light. They’re more specialized for black and white or night vision.
Cones are present in smaller numbers. They have a lower light sensitivity than rods and are more involved with color vision.
The information received by your rods and cones is transmitted from your retina to your optic nerve. Once inside your skull, both of your optic nerves meet to form something called theoptic chiasm. At the optic chiasm, nerve fibers from half of each retina form two separate optic tracts.
Through each optic tract, the nerve impulses eventually reach your visual cortex, which then processes the information. Your visual cortex is located in the back part of your brain.
Explain the function of the trochlear nerve…
Thetrochlear nervecontrols yoursuperior oblique muscle. This is the muscle that’s responsible for downward, outward, and inward eye movements.
It emerges from the back part of your midbrain. Like your oculomotor nerve, it moves forward until it reaches your eye sockets, where it stimulates the superior oblique muscle.
