Brain anatomy Flashcards
(15 cards)
What does the prefrontal cortex do
Primarily responsible for higher-order cognitive functions like decision-making, reasoning, and social behavior. It acts as a central hub for integrating information from various brain regions, enabling flexible adaptation to changing situations and control of complex behaviors.
What does the frontal lobe control?
- Executive functions: Planning, organising, executing tasks, decision making, working memory and problem solving
- Motor control: voluntary movements
- Language: speech production
- Social behaviour: helps regulated social interactions, emotions and personality.
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Cognitive functions: memory, attention and higher-level thinking
-Centre for personality traits and behavioural control
What does the precentral gyrus do?
- Initiates voluntary movements
- Motor control: planning, initiating and coordination of voluntary movement
What does the post-central gyrus do?
Processing sensory information (primarily somatic sensation e.g. touch, temperature pain, pressure)
What does the Central Sulcus do?
- Demarcates the frontal and parietal lobe.
- Crucial for cross-sectional imaging and understanding brain asymmetry
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
- Somatosensory processing: receiving and processing sensory information, e.g. touch temperature pain, pressure)
- Spatial perception: helps understand your body’s position to navigate and orient yourself
- Sensory integration: integrates information from different senses (vision, touch, hearing) to create a unified perception of the world
- Movement planning: Help plan and execute complex, precise movements
- Language processing: contributes to language understanding and comprehension
- Mathematics and reading: plays a role in mathematical reasoning and reading comprehension
What does to occipital lobe do?
- Visual processing: houses the visual cortex which is primary area ofr processing visual information
- Colour perception: determine and identify colours
- Object recognition: objects and faces
- Spatial awareness: contributes to special awareness and ability to locate object in the environment
- Memory formation: involved in forming memories associated with visual inforation
What is the pre-central cortex responsible for?
- Executive functions: planning, problem-solving, decision making, working memory and attention
- Behavioural control: regulating impulses, emotions and social behaviour
- Higher-order cognition: reasoning, logic, judgement and creativity
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Personality expression: Influencing personality traits and behaviours
o Language: involved in certain aspects of speech and language
What is the Longitudinal fissure?
Creates a distinct separation between right and left cerebral hemispheres
What is the olfactory bulb responsible for?
Processing smell signals receiving input from olfactory receptor neurons and relaying information to the brain
What does the Temporal lobe of the central cortex do?
- Auditory processing via the auditory coretex
- Memory: particularly the hippocampus and amygdala, vital or forming and retrieving memories, especially long-term, declarative memories.
- Language comprehension
- Non-verbal information
- Vision processing: objects and faces
- Emotional processing: regulates emotions
What does the optic nerve do?
Carries signals from the retina to the brain where signals are processed to form images
What does the Medulla control?
Automatic functions: breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
What does the cerebellum control?
- Motor control: coordinate movements, maintain posture and control muscle tone
- Balance – maintain balance and spatial orientation
- Motor learning – learning and refining motor skills
- Cognitive function: attention, language and social behaviour
What does the spinal cord do?
Acts as a central pathway for communication between the brain and rest of body
