Brain and Cranial nerve

Question 1

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Answer 1

-One of the largest organ in the body at almost 3 lb.
-Brain functions in sensations, memory, emotions, decision making, behavior

Question 2

Principal Parts of the Brain

Answer 2

-Cerebrum
-Diencephalon
thalamus & hypothalamus
-Cerebellum
-Brainstem
—medulla, pons & midbrain

Question 3

Protective Coverings of the Brain

Answer 3

-Bone, meninges & fluid
-Meninges same as around the spinal cord
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 4

Ventricles of the Brain

Answer 4

-produce and circulate CSF
- 4 ventricles
-2 lateral
-1 third
-1 fourth

Question 5

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 5

-80-150 ml (3-5oz)
-Clear liquid containing glucose, proteins, & ions
-Functions
-mechanical protection
-floats brain & softens impact with bony walls
-chemical protection
-optimal ionic concentrations for action potentials
-circulation
nutrients and waste products to and from bloodstream

Question 6

Origin of CSF

Answer 6

Choroid plexus = capillaries covered by ependymal cells

Question 7

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 7

-Ascending sensory tracts
-Descending motor tracts
-Nuclei of 5 cranial nerves
-Cardiovascular center
-force & rate of heart beat
-diameter of blood vessels
-Respiratory center
medullary rhythmicity area sets basic rhythm of breathing
-Information in & out of cerebellum
-Reflex centers for coughing, sneezing, swallowing etc

Question 8

Pons

Answer 8

-One inch long
-White fiber tracts ascend and descend
Pneumotaxic & apneustic areas help control breathing
-Middle cerebellar peduncles carry sensory info to the cerebellum
-Cranial nerves 5 thru 7

Question 9

Midbrain

Answer 9

-One inch in length
-Extends from pons to diencephalon
-Cerebral aqueduct connects 3rd ventricle above to 4th ventricle below

Question 10

Dorsal Surface of Midbrain

Answer 10

-Corpora quadrigemina = superior & inferior colliculi
-coordinate eye movements with visual stimuli
-coordinate head movements with auditory stimuli

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

-2 cerebellar hemispheres and vermis (central area)
-Function
-correct voluntary muscle contraction and posture based on sensory data from body about actual movements
-sense of equilibrium

Question 12

Cerebellum gray and white matter

Answer 12

-Cerebellar cortex & central nuclei are grey matter
-Arbor vitae = tree of life = white matter

Question 13

Cerebrum Cerebral cortex

Answer 13

Cerebral cortex is gray matteroverlying white matter
-2-4 mm thick containing billionsof cells
-grew so quickly formed folds(gyri) and grooves (sulci or fissures)

Question 14

Corpus callosum

Answer 14

band of white matter connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

Hemispheric Lateralization

Answer 15

Left- language, writing, reasoning
Right- music and art, recognize
- more pronounced in men
-female have larger connection between 2 sides

Question 16

The Left Hemisphere

Answer 16

-Reading, writing, and math
-Decision making
-Speech and language

Question 17

The Right Hemisphere

Answer 17

-Senses (touch, smell, sight, taste, feel)
-Recognition (faces, voice inflections)