Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Prosencephalon is aka
A
Forebrain
2
Q
What are the components of the brain stem
A
Midbrain, Pond, Medulla oblongata
3
Q
Prosencephalon becomes
A
Cerebrum and diencephalon
4
Q
Mesencephalon becomes
A
Midbrain
5
Q
Rhombencephalon becomes
A
Pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
6
Q
The cerebrum develops from…..
Of the late embryonic brain
A
Telencephalon
7
Q
The myelencephalon is aka
A
Hindbrain
8
Q
What are the basic functions of the cerebrum
A
Control conscious perception
Control conscious motor activity
Control thought
9
Q
Which component of the brainstem contains reflex centers for heart rate, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting
A
Medulla oblongata
10
Q
The most inferior part of the brain stem is
A
Medulla oblongata
11
Q
Small oval protrusions located off the anterior-lateral surface of the medulla oblongata where the vestibular nuclei are found
A
Olives
12
Q
The midbrain develops from
A
Mesencephalon
13
Q
The cerebellum and the pins develop from ….of the late embryonic brain
A
Metencephalon
14
Q
Olives are on the ….. surface of the medulla oblongata
A
Anterior
15
Q
The relay station between the higher brain and the spinal cord
A
Midbrain
16
Q
Nuclei for cranial nerves V, VI, VII, VIII are associated with…
A
Pons
17
Q
Midbrain functions
A
Reflex movement of head, eyes, and body towards visual, auditory or tactile stimuli.
Muscle tone and movement
AIDS in unconscious regulation and coordination of motor activities
18
Q
Regulation of rapid eye movement during sleep, and respiration are some of the functions of the…..
A
Pons
19
Q
Hearing is an integral part of the….
A
Inferior colliculi
20
Q
The midbrain is part of the brainstem and is located directly superior to the
A
Pons
21
Q
Part of brainstem that is a network of nerve fibers and associated islands of gray matter which acts to filter incoming signals and to arouse the cerebral cortex
A
Reticular formation
22
Q
The superior colliculi receive input from the …. And the cerebrum
A
Inferior colliculi
23
Q
What are the functions of the inferior colliculi
A
Ear signals
Visual reflexes
Auditory signals
24
Q
A group of loosely packed nuclei within the entire length of the brainstem that is involved in cyclic activities such as sleep-wake cycles is …..
A
Reticular formation
25
Cerebellum structures
Folia, cerebellar peduncles, arbor vitae
26
Telencephalon aka
Cerebrum
27
Diencephalon aka
Thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus
28
Mesencephalon aka
Midbrain
29
Metencephalon aka
Cerebellum and pons
30
Myelencephalon aka
Medulla oblongata
31
What part of the brain integrates information about the position of the body parts and send out signals that coordinate skeletal muscles movements
Cerebellum
32
Which colliculi are involved in the reflex movements of the head and eyes towards stimuli such as loud noises
Superior
33
What part of the brain consists of the flocculonodular lobe, a narrow central vermis and two large lateral hemispheres
Cerebellum
34
Cerebellar peduncles
Connect cerebellum and brainstem
35
Folia
Ridges on the cortex of the cerebellum
36
Arbor vitae
White matter resembling a branching tree
37
What are the three major regions of the cerebellum
Flocculonodular lobe
Lateral hemispheres
Vermis
38
All sensory neurons except olfactory neurons form their first cerebral synapses in the
Thalamus
39
Epithalamus structures
Habenula
Pineal gland
40
Most inferior part of diencephalon
Hypothalamus
41
Function of hypothalamus
Control feelings of fear and rage
Regulates body temperature
Controls muscles responsible for swallowing
Regulates the pituitary gland
Regulates sleep wake cycle
Regulates heart rate
Control hunger and thirst
Regulates food movement through digestive tract
42
The pineal gland is part of the
Epithalamus
43
Ridges or convolutions seen on the surface of the cerebrum
Gyri
44
Grooves between the raised areas on the surface of the cerebrum are called….
Sulci
45
Central sulcus
Separate frontal and parietal lobe
46
Precentral gurus
Location of primary motor cortex of the cerebrum
47
Postcentral gyrus
Location of primary somatosensory cortex of the cerebrum
48
The frontal lobe is responsible for motor functions
The occipital lobe is responsible for visual sensations
49
The largest commissure of the brain that connects the right and left cerebral hemisphere is the….
Corpus callosum
50
Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
Central sulcus
51
The….gyrus is the location of the primary motor cortex
Precentral
52
Location the somatosensory cortex
Postcentral gyrus
53
What group of nuclei help in controlling motor functions
Basal nuclei
54
The interventricular foramina connects the third and lateral ventricles
Lateral
55
Csf is secreted by..
Choroid plexus
56
Where can Csf be found
Brain ventricles
Central canal of spinal cord
Subarachnoid spAce
57
Arachnoid granulations penetrate the….
Dural venous sinuseo
58
The oculomotor nerve sends …. Information
Parasympathetic
59
The rami of spinal nerves that innervate the deep muscles of the posterior trunk and the skin near the midline of the back are….
dorsal or posterior rami
60
What structures are innervated by the cervical plexus
Muscles of the hyoid
Skin of the neck
Diaphragm
Posterior portion of the head
61
List actions of the nerve from the brachial plexus
Innervate the skin of the medial arm and forearm.
Supply muscles acting on the scapula.
62
The spinal nerves C5-T1 give rise to the …
Brachial plexus
63
The nerve that innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles is the….
Axillary nerve
64
The nerve that innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upper’ limb is the….
Radial nerve
65
Ventral rami form…
Nerve plexuses
66
The muscles of the hyoid, skin of the neck, the posterior portion of the head and the diaphragm are innervated by the..x
Cervical plexus
67
ID the five major nerves of the plexus
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Axillary nerve
68
What nerve innervates the medial thigh
Obturator nerve
69
What are the functions of the Axillary nerve
Innervate skin of the lateral surface of the forearm
Innervate anterior arm muscles
70
ID the major nerves of the lumbosacral plexus
Femoral nerve
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Obturator nerve
71
What are the functions of the radial nerve
Has cutaneous distribution to the posterior surface of the hand
Innervates all of the extensor muscles of the upper limb
72
What nerve plexus innervates the muscles of the pelvic floor and the skin over the coccyx
Coccygeal plexus
73
What nerve innervates the iliopsoas and sartorious muscles
Femoral nerve
74
The coccygeal plexus innervates
The muscle of the pelvic floor
75
Lumbar sacral plexus
Pudendal nerve
76
What nerve is formed by the tibial and common fibular nerves
Sciatic
77
Which nerves are derived from the lumbosacral plexus
Ilioinguinal
Gluteal
Lillohypogastric
78
ID the functions of the femoral nerve
Innervate the skin of the anterior and lateral portion of the thigh.
Innervate the quadriceps femoris.
Innervates skin of medial portion of leg and foot.
Innervates the sartorius.
79
Trigeminal nerve
Transmits cutaneous sensory information from facial region, tongue and eye as well as controls muscles of mastication.
80
Facial nerve
Controls muscles that promote facial expressions, control secretions of salivary glands and transmits sensory information from the tongue.
81
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Transmits taste sensation and controls muscles involved in swallowing and secretions of salivary glands.
82
Hypoglossal nerve
Controls muscles of the tongue and throat
83
Which cranial nerves transmit parasympathetic information
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Facial CN VII
Oculomotor CN III
Vagus CN X
84
Which cranial nerve transmits information regarding the sense of smell
Olfactory nerve
85
CN I
Olfactory bulb
86
CN II
Optic nerve
87
CN III
Oculomotor nerve
88
CN IV
Trochlear nerve
89
CN VI
Abducens nerve
90
CN V
Trigeminal nerve
91
What is a function of the optic nerve
Transmit visual information
92
What nerve controls muscles that work the neck
Accessory nerve
93
Which nerve controls swallowing, secretion of salivary glands and transmits taste sensation
Glossopharyngeal nerve
94
Which nerve controls movement of one muscle of the eyeball
Trochlear nerve
95
Which nerve controls muscles of both speech and swallowing ( it controls muscle of the tongue and throat).
Hypoglossal nerve
96
Which cranial nerve controls many muscles that move the eyeball, constricts the pupils and promotes lens accommodation
Oculomotor nerve
97
CN VII
Facial nerve
98
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
99
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
100
CN X
Vagus nerve
101
CN XII
Hypoglossal nerve
102
CN XI
Accessory nerve
103
Which nerve transmit visual information
Optic nerve
104
Transmit cutaneous sensory information from facial region, tongue and eye as well as muscles of mastication
Trigeminal nerve
105
Controls muscles that promote facial expression, control secretions of salivary glands and transmit sensory information from the tongue
Facial nerve
106
Visual information is carried in
CN II optic
107
Motor function of Trochlear nerve (IV)
Control the movement of the eyeball
108
The oculomotor nerve causes pupils to
Constrict
109
Transmits sense of smell
Olfactory nerve (I)
110
Transmits sense of vision
Optic nerve (II)
111
Transmits sense of hearing and balance
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
112
Controls one muscle that moves the eyeball
Abducens nerve (VI)
113
Controls movement of the eyeball, promotes pupil constriction, and lens accommodations
Oculomotor nerve (III)
114
Transmits parasympathetic information to the visceral organs of the thoracic and abdominal organs
Vagus nerve (X)
115
What are the effectors for the motor fibers of the Abducens nerve
Extrinsic muscles of the eye
116
The Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve carries impulses to and from which regions
Tonsils
Pharynx
Carotid arteries
Salivary glands
117
What happens to the developing brain if the CSF is not properly drained , resulting in early hydrocephalus?
Excess buildup of CSF can keep the brain from functioning properly and cause brain damage or even death
118
Mesencephalon
Midbrain
119
What happens to the developing brain if the Csf is not properly drained resulting in early hydrocephalus
Excess buildup of CSF can keep the brain from functioning properly and cause brain damage or even death
120
To separate the brain stem from the rest of the brain a cut would have to be made between the
Midbrain and diencephalon
121
Important centers for heart rate blood pressure, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are located in the
Medulla oblongata
122
Largest cells in CNS
Purkinje cells
123
The cerebellum communicates with other regions of the CNS through the
Cerebellar peduncles
124
The major relay station for sensory input that projects to the cerebral cortex is the
Thalamus
125
Where is the diencephalon located
Between the brainstem and the cerebrum
126
Inferior to the thalamus and is involved in motor function
Subthalamus
127
Pain is registered in the
Thalamus
128
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, satiety, swallowing, and emotions
Hypothalamus
129
What part of the diencephalon directly connects to the pituitary
Hypothalamus
130
What are the five lines of each hemisphere of the cerebrum
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Insula
131
Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere are
Associated fibers
132
The basal nuclei are located
Deep in the brain hemisphere
133
In charge of controlling coordinated muscle movement and maintaining muscle tone
Cerebellum
134
CSF is produced by the
Choroid plexus
135
Ridges of the cerebral cortex
Folia
136
White matter of the medulla resembles a branching tree called
Arbor vitae
137
Three parts of the cerebellum
Flocculondular - small inferior lobe
Vermis - worm shaped and narrow
Lateral hemisphere- two and large
