Brain and Meninges

Question 1

Layers of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin

Connective tissue

Aponeurotic layer

Loose areolar tissue

Periosteium

Question 2

Main artery that supplies the dura mater

Answer 2

Middle meningial artery

Question 3

What supplies the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 3

V1 (opthalmic) branches

Question 4

What supplies the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 4

V2 (maxillary) branches

Question 5

What supplies the lateral cranial fossa?

Answer 5

V3 (mandibular) branches

Question 6

What supplies the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 6

C1-C2

Question 7

Leptomeninges =

Answer 7

Pia mater + dura mater

Question 8

Arachnoid granulations are

Answer 8

Small projections of arachnoid mater that extend through the dura mater

They allow the return of CSF to the venous system

Question 9

Arachnoid mater enters the brain only via

Answer 9

The longituidnal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

Which space contains CSF

Answer 10

Subarachnoid space

Question 11

Epidural space

Answer 11

Potential space between periosteal layer of dura mater and skull

Question 12

Subdural space

Answer 12

Potential space between meningial layer of dura and arachnoid mater

Question 13

What are dural partitions?

Answer 13

Projections of the meningeal layer of the dura mater into the cranial cavity

Question 14

Dural partitions provide pathways for

Answer 14

Venous drainage

Question 15

What are the 4 dural partitions

Answer 15

Falx cerebri

Diaphragma selli

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

Question 16

Falx cerebri attached anteriorly to ___ and posteriorly to ___

Answer 16

Anterior: crista galli of ethmoid crest and frontal crest of frontal bone

Posterior: tentorium cerebelli

Question 17

Tentorium cerebelli separates

Answer 17

Cerebellum from posterior parts of cerebral hemisphere

Question 18

Tentorium cerebelli- attachments

Posteriorly:

Laterally:

Anteriorly:

Answer 18

Posterior: occipital bone

Laterally: Temporal bone

Anterior: clinoid process

Question 19

Cerebral lobes of the brain sit on

Answer 19

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 20

Diaphragma selli has an opening in the center for the

Answer 20

Infundibulum

Question 21

Infundibulum connects

Answer 21

Pituitary gland with base of brain

Question 22

Falx cerebelli is attached posteriorly to

Answer 22

Occipital bone

Question 23

Falx cerebelli is attached superiorly to

Answer 23

Tentorium cerebella

Question 24

What is the only cranial nerve to exit from the posterior surface of the brainstem

Answer 24

Trochlear

Question 25

What nerves originate on the lateral surface of the brainstem

Answer 25

Facial Vestibulocochlear

Question 26

What cranial nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure (4)

Answer 26

Oculomotor Trochlear Opthalmic Abducent

Question 27

What cranial nerves exit through the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 27

Facial Vestibulochochlear

Question 28

What nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal accessory

Question 29

Facial nerve vs. Trigeminal nerve

Answer 29

Trigeminal = large sensory root, small motor root Facial = small sensory root, large motor root

Question 30

Vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through ___ Internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity through ___

Answer 30

Veterbral: Foramen magnum Internal carotid: carotid canals

Question 31

Veretebral arteries supply ___ Internal carotid arteries supply

Answer 31

Vetebral: brainstem, cerebellum, posterior part of cerebrum Internal carotid: cerebrum, diencephalon

Question 32

Confluence of sinuses is the joining of (3)

Answer 32

Superior sagittal sinus Straight sinus Occipital sinus

Question 33

___ + ___ form the straight sinus

Answer 33

Vein of Galen + Inferior sagittal sinus

Question 34

Transverse sinus drains into ___ which drains into ___

Answer 34

Transverse sinus --> sigmoid sinus --> internal jugular vein

Question 35

Right transverse sinus receives blood from ___ and left transverse sinus recieves blood from ___

Answer 35

Right: superior sagittal sinus Left: straight sinus

Question 36

Emissary veins exit through (4)

Answer 36

Parietal foramen Condylar canal Occipital foramen Mastoid foramen

Question 37

Cavernous sinus receives blood from

Answer 37

Cerebral veins Opthalmic veins Sphenoparietal sinuses

Question 38

Cavernous sinus drains into

Answer 38

Superior and inferior petrosal veins

Question 39

Superior petrosal veins drain into

Answer 39

Transverse sinuses

Question 40

Inferior petrosal veins drain into

Answer 40

Internal jugular veins

Question 41

Superior petrosal sinuses receive blood from

Answer 41

Cerebral and cerebellar veins

Question 42

Inferior petrosal sinus receives blood from

Answer 42

Cerebellar veins Internal ear Brainstem

Question 43

Structures that pass through the cavernous sinus include

Answer 43

Internal carotid artery Abducent nerve

Question 44

Structures in the lateral wall of each cavernous sinus are (superior to inferior)

Answer 44

Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Opthalmic nerve Maxillary artery

Question 45

CSF is produced by the

Answer 45

Choroid plexus

Question 46

Epidural hemorrhage caused by damage to

Answer 46

Middle meningeal artery

Question 47

Subdural hemorrhage caused by damage to

Answer 47

Bridging veins

Question 48

Suparachnoid hemorrhage caused by damage to

Answer 48

Cerebral artery

Question 49

Aneurysms typically occur in

Answer 49

Anterior or posterior communicating arteries Branches of the middle cerebral artery Distal end of basilar artery Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Question 50

Hydrocephalus

Answer 50

Increase in CSF that puts pressure on the brain