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head and neck anatomy > Brain and Meninges > Flashcards

Brain and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the scalp

A

S-skin
C-connective tissue; where collagen, fat, arteries and veins and nerves of the scalp are
A-Aponeurotic layer; has connections to muscles of fascial expression
L-Loose arreloar CT that allows movement of the tightly bound 3 superficial layers over the skull
P- periostal layer; layer that lies on the periostal surace of the outer layer of the skull. Its removable except over skull sutures

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2
Q

What is the dura mater innervated by

A

Three divisons of the trigeminal nerve and the cervical spinal nerves C1-2

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3
Q

What are the branches of V1

A

Meningeal branches of the opthalmic nerve supply the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior part of the middle cranial fossa

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4
Q

What are the branches of V2

A

meningeal branches of the maxillary nerve supply the dura mater in the medial part of the middle cranial fossa

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5
Q

What are the branches of V3

A

Meningeal branches of the mandibular nerve supply the dura mater in the lateral part of the middle cranial fossa

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6
Q

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

A

The maxillary artery (from the external carotid artery) and enters the cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum and divides into anterior and posterior branches

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7
Q

What do leptomeninges consist of

A

Arachnoid mater and pia mater

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8
Q

where is CSF located

A

in subarachnoid space

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9
Q

what are the dural partitions

A

projections that separate different parts of the brain, support and stabilize it and provide pathways for venous drainage

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10
Q

What are the 5 ways the brain can be divided

A 
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencepalon
Myelencephalon
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11
Q

What makes up the telencephalon

A

cerebrum

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12
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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13
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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14
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum and pons

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15
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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16
Q

What is the frontal lobe respobsible for

A

speech, thought, learning, emotion and movement

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17
Q

what is parietal lobe responsible for

A

processes sensory information such as touch pain and temperature

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18
Q

what is temporal lobe responsible for

A

memory and hearing

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19
Q

what is occipital lobe responsible for

A

vision

20
Q

what does the brain stem consist of

A

mesencephalon, medulla oblongata and pons. controls breathing, heart rate, and bp

21
Q

What is the acronym for the cranial nerves

A

On Old Towering Top A Vocal German Viewed Some Hops

22
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves

A 
I: Olfactory
II: Optic nerve
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus nerve
XI: Spinal accessory nerve
XII: hypoglossal nerve
23
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve originate and exit

A

Origin: Receptors in nasal cavity
Exit: Cribiform plate

24
Q

Where does optic nerve originate and exit

A

Origin: Receptors in retina
Exit: Optic canal

25
Q

Where does oculomotor nerve originate and exit

A

Origin: Anterior surface of the brainstem bet. mesencephalon and pons.
Exit: Superior orbital fissure

26
Q

Where does trochlear nerve originate and exit

A

Superior orbital fissure

27
Q

Where does trigeminal nerve originate and exit

A

Origin: V1, V2, and V3
Exit: Superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum and ovale

28
Q

Where does abducens originate and exit

A

arises from brainstem between pons and medulla

Exit: superior oribital fissure

29
Q

Where does facial nerve origiate and exit

A

Origin: lateral surface of brainstem between the pons and medulla oblangata
Exit: Internal acousic meatus

30
Q

Where does vestibulocochlear nerve originate and exit

A

Origin: lateral surface of brainstem between pons and medulla
Exit: Internal acoustic meatus

31
Q

Where does glossopharyngeal originate and exit

A

origin: upper medulla
exit: jugular foramen

32
Q

Where does vagus nerve originate and exit

A

origin: medulla
exit: jugular foramen

33
Q

Where does spinal accesory nerve originate and exit

A

origin: cranial root of medulla
exit: jugular foramen

34
Q

where does hypoglossal originate and exit

A

origin: rooftlets of anterior medulla oblangata

exit hypoglossal canal

35
Q

What do the vertebral arteries supply

A

the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of the cerebrum

36
Q

What do the internal carotid arteries supply

A

most of the cerebrum and diencephalon

37
Q

How does the circle of willis anastomise

A

An anterior communicating artery connecting the left and right anterior cerebral arteries to each other. Two posterior communicating arteries, one on each side, connecting the internal carotid artery with the posterior cerebral artery.

38
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses collect venous blood from

A
  • Cerebral veins
  • Cerebellar veins
  • veins draining the brainstem
  • diploic veins
  • emissary veins: venous from from outside the cranial cavity
39
Q

What do the cavernous sinuses receive blood from

A

cerebral veins
opthalmic veins (from orbit)
sphenoparietal sinus

40
Q

blood from the cavernous sinus drains into

A
  1. the superior petrosal sinus–> transverse sinus
  2. inferior petrosal sinus
    - -> internal jugular vein
41
Q

what structures pass through cavernous sinus

A

the internal carotid artery

abducent nerve

42
Q

What is a blocked cerebral vessel

A

most common type of stroke

43
Q

what are the two types of blocked cerebral vessels:

A

Cerebral thrombosis: Blood clot forms within the brain caused by atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries
2. cerebral embolism

44
Q

what is cerebral embolism

A

blood clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain caused by plaque buildup at or around the bifurcation of the common carotid artery or by atrial fibrillation

45
Q

What is a ruptured intracranial vessel

A

tissues are deprived of blood supply and accumulation of blood within the skull causes pressure on the brain that can rapidly become fatal.

46
Q

what is carotid cavernous sinus fistula

A

a rupture within the cavernous sinus of either the internal carotid artery or one of its smaller dural branches, resulting in the mixing of high pressure arterial blood into the low pressure venous system.

head and neck anatomy (8 decks)

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