Brain and Meninges

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp

Answer 1

S-skin
C-connective tissue; where collagen, fat, arteries and veins and nerves of the scalp are
A-Aponeurotic layer; has connections to muscles of fascial expression
L-Loose arreloar CT that allows movement of the tightly bound 3 superficial layers over the skull
P- periostal layer; layer that lies on the periostal surace of the outer layer of the skull. Its removable except over skull sutures

Question 2

What is the dura mater innervated by

Answer 2

Three divisons of the trigeminal nerve and the cervical spinal nerves C1-2

Question 3

What are the branches of V1

Answer 3

Meningeal branches of the opthalmic nerve supply the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior part of the middle cranial fossa

Question 4

What are the branches of V2

Answer 4

meningeal branches of the maxillary nerve supply the dura mater in the medial part of the middle cranial fossa

Question 5

What are the branches of V3

Answer 5

Meningeal branches of the mandibular nerve supply the dura mater in the lateral part of the middle cranial fossa

Question 6

What is the middle meningeal artery a branch of

Answer 6

The maxillary artery (from the external carotid artery) and enters the cranial fossa through the foramen spinosum and divides into anterior and posterior branches

Question 7

What do leptomeninges consist of

Answer 7

Arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 8

where is CSF located

Answer 8

in subarachnoid space

Question 9

what are the dural partitions

Answer 9

projections that separate different parts of the brain, support and stabilize it and provide pathways for venous drainage

Question 10

What are the 5 ways the brain can be divided

Answer 10

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencepalon
Myelencephalon

Question 11

What makes up the telencephalon

Answer 11

cerebrum

Question 12

diencephalon

Answer 12

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 13

mesencephalon

Answer 13

midbrain

Question 14

metencephalon

Answer 14

cerebellum and pons

Question 15

myelencephalon

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

What is the frontal lobe respobsible for

Answer 16

speech, thought, learning, emotion and movement

Question 17

what is parietal lobe responsible for

Answer 17

processes sensory information such as touch pain and temperature

Question 18

what is temporal lobe responsible for

Answer 18

memory and hearing

Question 19

what is occipital lobe responsible for

Answer 19

vision

Question 20

what does the brain stem consist of

Answer 20

mesencephalon, medulla oblongata and pons. controls breathing, heart rate, and bp

Question 21

What is the acronym for the cranial nerves

Answer 21

On Old Towering Top A Vocal German Viewed Some Hops

Question 22

What are the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 22

I: Olfactory
II: Optic nerve
III: Oculomotor
IV: Trochlear
V: Trigeminal
VI: Abducens
VII: Facial
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
IX: Glossopharyngeal
X: Vagus nerve
XI: Spinal accessory nerve
XII: hypoglossal nerve

Question 23

Where does the olfactory nerve originate and exit

Answer 23

Origin: Receptors in nasal cavity
Exit: Cribiform plate

Question 24

Where does optic nerve originate and exit

Answer 24

Origin: Receptors in retina
Exit: Optic canal

Question 25

Where does oculomotor nerve originate and exit

Answer 25

Origin: Anterior surface of the brainstem bet. mesencephalon and pons. Exit: Superior orbital fissure

Question 26

Where does trochlear nerve originate and exit

Answer 26

Superior orbital fissure

Question 27

Where does trigeminal nerve originate and exit

Answer 27

Origin: V1, V2, and V3 Exit: Superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum and ovale

Question 28

Where does abducens originate and exit

Answer 28

arises from brainstem between pons and medulla | Exit: superior oribital fissure

Question 29

Where does facial nerve origiate and exit

Answer 29

Origin: lateral surface of brainstem between the pons and medulla oblangata Exit: Internal acousic meatus

Question 30

Where does vestibulocochlear nerve originate and exit

Answer 30

Origin: lateral surface of brainstem between pons and medulla Exit: Internal acoustic meatus

Question 31

Where does glossopharyngeal originate and exit

Answer 31

origin: upper medulla exit: jugular foramen

Question 32

Where does vagus nerve originate and exit

Answer 32

origin: medulla exit: jugular foramen

Question 33

Where does spinal accesory nerve originate and exit

Answer 33

origin: cranial root of medulla exit: jugular foramen

Question 34

where does hypoglossal originate and exit

Answer 34

origin: rooftlets of anterior medulla oblangata | exit hypoglossal canal

Question 35

What do the vertebral arteries supply

Answer 35

the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of the cerebrum

Question 36

What do the internal carotid arteries supply

Answer 36

most of the cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 37

How does the circle of willis anastomise

Answer 37

An anterior communicating artery connecting the left and right anterior cerebral arteries to each other. Two posterior communicating arteries, one on each side, connecting the internal carotid artery with the posterior cerebral artery.

Question 38

Where do the dural venous sinuses collect venous blood from

Answer 38

- Cerebral veins - Cerebellar veins - veins draining the brainstem - diploic veins - emissary veins: venous from from outside the cranial cavity

Question 39

What do the cavernous sinuses receive blood from

Answer 39

cerebral veins opthalmic veins (from orbit) sphenoparietal sinus

Question 40

blood from the cavernous sinus drains into

Answer 40

1. the superior petrosal sinus--> transverse sinus 2. inferior petrosal sinus - -> internal jugular vein

Question 41

what structures pass through cavernous sinus

Answer 41

the internal carotid artery | abducent nerve

Question 42

What is a blocked cerebral vessel

Answer 42

most common type of stroke

Question 43

what are the two types of blocked cerebral vessels:

Answer 43

Cerebral thrombosis: Blood clot forms within the brain caused by atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries 2. cerebral embolism

Question 44

what is cerebral embolism

Answer 44

blood clot forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain caused by plaque buildup at or around the bifurcation of the common carotid artery or by atrial fibrillation

Question 45

What is a ruptured intracranial vessel

Answer 45

tissues are deprived of blood supply and accumulation of blood within the skull causes pressure on the brain that can rapidly become fatal.

Question 46

what is carotid cavernous sinus fistula

Answer 46

a rupture within the cavernous sinus of either the internal carotid artery or one of its smaller dural branches, resulting in the mixing of high pressure arterial blood into the low pressure venous system.