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Neurobiology > Brain and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent

A

sensory fibers that convey information toward the CNS

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2
Q

Efferent

A

motor fibers that convey information from the CNS

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3
Q

Grey matter

A

-cell bodies
-unmyelinated structures
-occupies central grey

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4
Q

White matter

A

-myelinated axons

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5
Q

Rostral

A

towards the tip of the head

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6
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tip of the tail

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

upper surface of the body (back)

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8
Q

Ventral

A

bottom surface of the body (front)

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9
Q

Medial

A

close to the midline

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10
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the midline

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11
Q

Proximal

A

close

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12
Q

Distal

A

far

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13
Q

Anterior

A

superficial

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14
Q

Posterior

A

deeper

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15
Q

I Cranial Nerve

A

-olfactory
-smell
-sensory

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16
Q

II Cranial Nerve

A

-optic
-vision
-sensory

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17
Q

III Cranial Nerve

A

-oculomotor
-muscle that moves the eye
-motor

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18
Q

IV Cranial Nerve

A

-trochlear
-muscle that moves the eye
-motor

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19
Q

VI Cranial Nerve

A

-abducens
-muscle that moves the eye
-motor

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20
Q

V Cranial Nerve

A

-trigeminal
- face, sinuses, teeth, and jaw muscles
-sensory and motor

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21
Q

VII Cranial Nerve

A

-facial
-tongue, soft palate, facial muscles, salivary glands, tear glands
-sensory and motor

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22
Q

VIII Cranial Nerve

A

-vestibulocochlear
-inner ear (hearing and balance)
-sensory

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23
Q

IX Cranial Nerve

A

-glossopharyngeal
-taste and other mouth sensations, throat muscles
-sensory and motor

24
Q

X Cranial Nerve

A

-vagus
-information from internal organs, movement of internal organs
-sensory and motor

25
Q

XI Cranial Nerve

A

-spinal accessory
-neck muscles
-motor

26
Q

XII Cranial Nerve

A

-hypoglossal
-tongue muscles
-motor

27
Q

Cervical spinal nerves

A

-neck
-chest
-upper shoulder

28
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves

A

-upper and lower back
-stomach

29
Q

Lumbar spinal nerves

A

-upper hips
-top of thighs
-calves

30
Q

Sacral spinal nerves

A

-tops of the feet
-lower calves
-toes

31
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia

A

-collection of cell bodies for all sensory neurons entering the spinal cord
-lies outside the CNS

32
Q

Cauda equina

A

long nerves from the spinal cord that branch off to innervate the legs

33
Q

Contralateral

A

on the opposite site

34
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

35
Q

Brainstem

A

-midbrain
-pons
-medulla

36
Q

Forebrain

A

-two cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

Subcortical structures

A

-thalamus
-hypothalamus
-basal ganglia
-limbic lobes

38
Q

Cortical structures

A

-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occipital lobe

39
Q

Raphe nuclei

A

-only source of serotonin in the brain and spinal cord

40
Q

Locus coeruleus (blue spot)

A

-primary source of norepinephrine in the brain

41
Q

Substantia nigra (black substance)

A

-major source of dopamine in the brain

42
Q

Lateral geniculate nuclei

A

relays visual information

43
Q

Medial geniculate nuclei

A

relays auditory information

44
Q

ventralposterior lateral and medial nuclei

A

relays somatosensory information

45
Q

Frontal lobe

A

-primary motor cortex
-precentral gyrus

46
Q

Parietal lobe

A

-primary somatosensory cortex
-postcentral gyrus

47
Q

Occipital lobe

A

-primary visual cortex

48
Q

temporal lobe

A

-primary auditory cortex

49
Q

Arachnoid

A

connects dura to brain

50
Q

Dura mater

A

-tough leather membrane
-outer most layer that envelopes the brain

51
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

membrane that insulates the blood vessels of the brain

52
Q

Pia mater

A

innermost membrane that envelopes the brain

53
Q

Lower motor neuron

A

-exits the CNS to innervate the skeletal muscles
-cell bodies lie in the grey matter of the ventral horn

54
Q

Upper motor neuron

A

-within CNS contacts the lower motor neuron

55
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

-caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
-small blood vessels so prone to stroke

Neurobiology (4 decks)

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