BRAIN CANCER Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the types of brain tumours in adults?
- meningioma
- glioma ( astrocytoma, glioblastoma)
What is a meningioma?
Tumour originating in the meninges (membrane covering brain)
What is the most common grade of a meningioma?
Grade 1
Where does a glioma originate from?
glial cells supporting nerves and CNS that grow out of control
What are the types of glioma?
- astrocytoma
-glioblastoma
What is the glioma grading names?
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Diffuse astrocytoma
- Anaplastic astrocytoma
- Glioblastoma
What grade is a pilocytic astrocytoma and who is affected by it?
Grade 1 and affects children/teens
What is the main symptom for pilocytic astrocytomas?
Morning headaches
What causes a diffuse astrocytoma?
Mutation in the IDH 1 or 2 gene
What grade is an anaplastic astrocytoma and who is affected?
Grade 3 (malignant) and affects adults and children
Where is an anaplastic astrocytoma found?
Cerebrum
What is the deadliest form of a glioma?
Glioblastoma
Where is a glioblastoma found in adults?
Cerebral frontal or temporal lobes
Where is a glioblastoma found in children?
Brain stem (uncommon)
What is a distinct symptom in glioblastoma?
Personality changes
What is the survival of a glioblastoma?
40%
What are the risk factors for a brain tumour?
- age
- exposure to radiation
- genetics: neurofibromatosis 1/2, lynch syndrome
What part of the brain is a pilocytic astrocytoma found?
cerebellum (just above the neck);
What common mutations are seen in brain cancer?
IDH1/2, TERT, EGFR, P53
What brain cancer is an IDH mutation common in?
glioblastoma and low grade astrocytoma
What is the treatment for IDH mutation?
Surgery, chemo, radiation or IDH inhibitors - vorasidineb
What is a TERT mutation?
Mutation in the promoter region of TERT gene controlling telomerase
