Brain & Cranial Nerves 1

Question 1

What are the 4 major areas of the brain?

Answer 1

1. diencephalon
2. brainstem
3. cerebellum
4. cerebrum

Question 2

What is gyri?

Answer 2

larger folds of brain surface

Question 3

What is sulci?

Answer 3

shallow depressions between gyri on surface of brain

Question 4

What is a fissure?

Answer 4

a deep groove on the surface of the brain

Question 5

What is gray matter and why is it gray?

Answer 5

It is the the outer layer of the brain made from cell bodies.

Question 6

What is white matter and why is it white?

Answer 6

It is the inner area of the brain and it is white because of the myelination on axons.

Question 7

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 7

The superficial region of gray matter on the cerebrum.

Question 8

What is cerebral nuclei?

Answer 8

They are small clusters of gray matter (cell bodies) within white matter.

Question 9

What 4 things protect the brain?

Answer 9

1. the cranium
2. CSF
3. blood brain barrier
4. meninges

Question 10

What are the 3 cranial meninges?

Answer 10

1. pia mater
2. arachnoid mater
3. dura mater

Question 11

What is pia mater?

Answer 11

The innermost meninge layer. It is thin areolar connective tissue tightly adhered to brain.

Question 12

What is arachnoid mater?

Answer 12

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers. It contains arachnoid trabeculae that extends deep to reach pia mater.

Question 13

What is subarachnoid space?

Answer 13

The potential space between pia mater and arachnoid mater.

Question 14

What is subdural space?

Answer 14

The space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

Question 15

What is dura mater?

Answer 15

Hard and tough irregular connective tissue.

Question 16

What is the epidural space?

Answer 16

The space between the skull and dura mater containing blood vessels and space for blood or fluid.

Question 17

What is cranial dura septa?

Answer 17

Double layers of dura mater that extend into the cranial cavity and separate areas of the brain.

Question 18

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 18

A cranial dura septa that divides the left and right hemisphere.

Question 19

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 19

A cranial dura septa that divides the temporal and occipital lobes from cerebellum.

Question 20

What is the falx cerebelli?

Answer 20

A cranial dura septa that divides the cerebellum into left and right hemispheres.

Question 21

What is the diaphragma sellae?

Answer 21

A cranial dura septa that forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

Question 22

What are characteristics of all ventricles?

Answer 22

Cavities within the brain
Lined with ependymal cells
Contain CSF
Communicate with spinal cords central canal

Question 23

What separates the 2 lateral ventricles?

Answer 23

The septum pelllucidum.

Question 24

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

Answer 24

Deep within the diencephalon.

Question 25

How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with each lateral ventricle?

Answer 25

Through the interventricular foramen.

Question 26

What is the 4th ventricle located?

Answer 26

Between the pons and cerebellum.

Question 27

How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the th ventricle?

Answer 27

Through the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 28

Where does the 4th ventricle open into?

Answer 28

Arachnoid space

Question 29

What are the 3 functions of the CSF?

Answer 29

1. Protection 2. Buoyancy 3. Environmental stability

Question 30

What occurs during arachnoid granulation?

Answer 30

Excess CSF flows into fingerlike projections called arachnoid villi and is released into the dural venous sinuses.

Question 31

What structure provides communication between the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

Answer 31

The corpus callosum.

Question 32

What is cerebral lateralization?

Answer 32

The functional differences between the left and right side of the brain.

Question 33

What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 33

1. frontal 2. occipital 3. temporal 4. . parietal 5. Insula

Question 34

At what grooves does the frontal lobe begin and end?

Answer 34

It ends posteriorly at the central sulcus and begins anteriorly at the lateral sulcus.

Question 35

What is the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe?

Answer 35

A landmark dividing out the pre motor cortex.

Question 36

What is the postcentral gyrus of the temporal lobe?

Answer 36

A landmark dividing out the primary somato sensory cortex.