Brain Function and Structure

Question 1

Informed Consent

Answer 1

Participants are briefed with as much information as possible about the study to enable them to make an informed decision about taking part

Question 2

Deception

Answer 2

Should only be approved if there is no alternative
We should seek approval from an ethics committee
Debriefing does not justify deception

Question 3

Debriefing

Answer 3

We must always debrief participants after a study to allow them to ask questions and for the researcher to remind them of their right to withdraw

Question 4

Right to withdraw

Answer 4

We must make participants aware that they are free to leave a study at any time, even if we’ve paid them
They can refuse permission to use their data

Question 5

Protection from harm

Answer 5

Paticipants psychological and physiological safety must be ensured
We cannot expose them to any greater risk than their normal life

Question 6

Confidentiality

Answer 6

Information about our participants is protected by the Data Protection Act
They must not be identifiable in published research

Question 7

Hindbrain

Answer 7

• Oldest part of the brain (evolutionary)
• Located deep in out head and top of spinal cord
• Controls basic functions e.g. heart rate, breathing, sleeping

Question 8

Midbrain

Answer 8

• On top of brain steam
• Acts as sensory switchboard
• Receives messages from all sense except smell
• Sends messages to higher regions on the brain that deal with other senses

Question 9

Forebrain

Answer 9

• Largest section
• Most highly developed
• Major role in how we think, feel, behave
• Outer layer (cortex) is wrinkled for extra surface area
• Soft, pinkish and grey in colour
• 2 halves

Question 10

Corpus Callosum

Answer 10

• Centre of the brain and connects two halves

- Controls both dies of out body while receiving sensory information

Question 11

Left side of brain

Answer 11

• Language
• Logic
• Critical Thinking
• Numbers
• Reasoning

Question 12

Right side of brain

Answer 12

• Recognising faces
• Expressing emotions
• Music
• Reading emotions
• Colour
• Images
• Intuition
• Creativity

Question 13

Frontal LOBE

Answer 13

• Reasoning
• motor skills
• higher level cognition and language

Question 14

Parietal LOBE

Answer 14

• processes sensory information

- contains somatosensory cortex

Question 15

Occipital LOBE

Answer 15

• interprets visual stimuli

- contains primary visual cortex

Question 16

Temporal LOBE

Answer 16

• interprets sounds and language
• contains hippocampus
• associated with formation of memory

Question 17

Broca’s Area

Answer 17

• main area of cerebral cortex
• responsible for producing language
• discovered by paul broca
• damage to this area means you cannot properly form words or produce speech (articulate)

Question 18

Wernick’s Area

Answer 18

• spoken language is understood

- can’t understand language but can speak (gibberish)

Question 19

Cognitive processes

Answer 19

Brain processes that involve thinking, knowing or mentally manipulating information

Question 20

Cognition

Answer 20

Thinking, knowing or mentally processing information

Question 21

Sensation

Answer 21

Immediate response in the brain caused by excitation of a sensory organ

Question 22

Cerebrum

Answer 22

The two large hemispheres that cover the upper part of the brain

Question 23

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 23

The two halves of the cerebrum that cover the upper part of the brain

Question 24

Cerebral cortex

Answer 24

The thin layer of tissue that forms the outer layer and surface of the brain’s cerebrum. Is responsible for basic sensory and motor functions, also higher mental processes.

Question 25

Frontal lobe

Answer 25

The upper front half of each cerebral hemisphere. Associated with complex mental abilities and the control of voluntary movement.

Question 26

Association areas

Answer 26

Areas of cerebral cortex that do not have a specialized sensory or motor function. Integrate information received from different brain areas and structures to enable complex mental behaviours

Question 27

Primary motor cortex

Answer 27

rear of the frontal lobe that directs the body’s skeletal muscles and controls voluntary movement.

Question 28

Parietal lobe

Answer 28

area of each cerebral hemisphere located behind the frontal lobe. Mostly associated with processing sensations but also co-ordinations of senses and movement

Question 29

Primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 29

Strip of neurons located at the front of parietal lobe, adjacent to the primary motor cortex, which registers and processes sensory information from receptors in the body.

Question 30

Temporal lobe

Answer 30

area located on either side of the cerebral hemisphere. Associated with processing auditory information and involved in memory, facial recognition, object identification and emotion.

Question 31

Primary auditory cortex

Answer 31

area of the temporal lobes that register and process auditory information

Question 32

Wernick’s area

Answer 32

area of the left temporal lobe responsible for the comprehension of language and the formulation of meaningful sentences

Question 33

Occipital lobe

Answer 33

area located at the back of each cerebral hemisphere; associated with processing visual information

Question 34

Primary visual cortex

Answer 34

area at base of occipital lobe that registers, processes and interprets visual information sent from each eye

Question 35

Corpus callosum

Answer 35

thick band of nerve fibres in the middle of the brain that connects the left and right hemispheres and transfers information registered in one hemisphere to the other hemisphere for processing