Brain Injury

Question 1

What is an Aquired Brain Injury

Answer 1

• injury caused to brain since birth
  Can be:
  Traumatic
  Non-traumatic

Question 2

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) definition

Answer 2

Brain injury caused by trauma to the head

Question 3

Causes of TBI

Answer 3

Road traffic collisions
Slipping and falling
Something falling or being thrown (to head)
Being shaken violently
Sports-related events
Acts of violence

Question 4

Types of TBI

Answer 4

Open wounded - bullet
Crushing injuries - head in machinery
Closed head injuries - injury from within skull

Question 5

Diffuse axonal injury

Answer 5

Head shaken forward and backward
- need to watch YouTube vids on lecture

Question 6

Symptoms of TBI

Answer 6

Difficulty concentrating
Confusion
Changes in consciousness
Vomiting and nausea
Changes in mood or behaviour
Dilated pupils
Hallucinations
Inability to remember
Changes in vision

Question 7

What are non traumatic brain injuries

Answer 7

Include:
Tumour ]stoke
Brain haemorrhage
Encephalitis
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis

Question 8

What are hypoxic and anoxic brain injuries

Answer 8

Anoxic
- complete interruption of supply of O2 to the brain - cerebral anoxia
Hypoxic
- still partial supply of O2, but at a level inadequate to maintain normal brain function - cerebral hypoxia

Question 9

Causes of anoxic brain injury

Answer 9

Cardiac arrest
Irregular heart rhythm
Suffocation
Choking
Smoke inhalation
Poisoning
Drug overdose

Question 10

Treatment for ANOXIC

Answer 10

Restore heart rate and blood pressure with drugs

Question 11

Symptoms of ANOXIC

Answer 11

Confusion
Dizziness
Headache
Vomiting
Loss of consciousness
Change in behaviour

Question 12

Treatment for ACQUIRED

Answer 12

Intensive care unit
Neurosurgery
Neurological unit
Brain injury unit

Question 13

Symptoms of ACQUIRED

Answer 13

Frontal lobe - PERSONALITY
Temporal lobe - SPEECH AND SENSORY
Occipital lobe - VISION
Parietal lobe - MOTOR AND SENSORY
Brainstem - AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Cerebellum - BALANCE AND COORDINATION

Question 14

Long term effects

Answer 14

Change in behaviour
Difficulty with memory

Question 15

Coma and reduces awareness states

Answer 15

Vegetative state
- sleep-wake cycle
- no conscious awareness of themselves or surroundings
Minimal conscious state
- distinct but limited signs of awareness and response to stimuli
Locked in syndrome
- aware of themselves
- unable to move or speak

Question 16

Prognosis

Answer 16

Depends on :
- Age
- location
- length of time in coma
Glasgow coma scale
3 - 65% mortality
4 - 45%
5 - 35%
6 - 24%
7-13 - 10-15%

Question 17

Physio

Answer 17

Respiratory care
Rehab
Sensory assessment
Assessment and treat symptoms