Brain Introduction

Question 0

Grey matter

Answer 0

Tissue containing cell bodies of neurons.

Question 1

Cortex

Answer 1

Outer, or most superficial, layer of an organ.

Question 2

White matter

Answer 2

Tissue containing axons of neurons.

Question 3

Primary brain vesicles

Answer 3

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 4

Secondary brain vesicles

Answer 4

Telencephalon 
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 5

Telencephalon

Answer 5

Cerebral cortex, white matter and basal ganglia

Question 6

Diencephalon

Answer 6

Pineal gland, dorsal thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus

Question 7

Mesencephalon

Answer 7

Brainstem

Question 8

Superficial brain features

Answer 8

Gyri = elevated ridges
Sulci = shallow grooves
Fissures = deep grooves
Covered by meninges

Question 9

Major sulci & gyri

Answer 9

Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Precentral sulcus
Central sulcus
Lateral sulcus

Question 10

Lobes of the brain

Answer 10

Frontal 
Parietal 
Temporal 
Occipital 
Limbic 
Insular (buried in lateral sulcus)

Question 11

Corpus Callosum

Answer 11

Major commissure, connection between cortical areas of similar 
function in both hemispheres

Question 12

Function of frontal cortex

Answer 12

Supplementary motor area

Question 13

Function of pre-central gyrus

Answer 13

Primary motor area control voluntary movements on contralateral side of body

Question 14

Post-central gyrus

Answer 14

Primary somatosensory cortex & gustatory cortex

Question 15

Parietal lobe

Answer 15

Somatosensory association areas

Question 16

Temporal lobe

Answer 16

Auditory and auditory association area

Question 17

Occipital lobe

Answer 17

Visual cortex and visual association area

Question 18

Motor system: Overview

Answer 18

Produces muscle contraction on contralateral side of body

Controlling movement of feet in the upper part and those controlling movements of face and hands in the lower part

Question 19

Somatosensory cortex overview

Answer 19

Primary somatosensory cortex.
Nerve cells in this area receive and interpret sensations of pain, temperature, touch and pressure from contralateral side of body
Mostly face, hands and feet and also arms, legs and genitals

Question 20

Brain structures involved in movement production

Answer 20

• Cerebral cortex 
• Thalamus 
• Basal ganglia 
• Brainstem 
• Cerebellum 
Motor pathways transfer information between these structures

Question 21

Thalamus

Answer 21

Largest division of diencephalon - composed of many nuclei.
Receives and processes precortical input from all sensory systems except olfactory system.
Then conveys information (projects) to the cerebral cortex

Question 22

Basal ganglia

Answer 22

Sub-cortical grey matter nuclei. Essential component of extra-pyramidal motor system-> role in initiation & execution of motor 
activity.  
• Caudate nucleus 
• Putamen 
• Globus pallidus

Question 23

Total cerebral blood flow

Answer 23

~ 750mL/min

250mL/min from 2x carotid, 1x basilar arteries

Question 24

Arterial blood supply of brain

Answer 24

``` Internal carotid (anterior circulation) Vertebral arteries (posterior circulation) ```

Question 25

Arteries of cerebrum

Answer 25

Anterior cerebral artery (branch of internal carotid artery) Middle cerebral artery (branch of internal carotid artery) Posterior cerebral artery (terminal branch of basilar artery)

Question 26

Distribution of Anterior Cerebral Artery ACA

Answer 26

Occlusion of Anterior Cerebral Artery will lead to sensorimotor function loss in lower limb & bladder weakness

Question 27

Distribution of Middle Cerebral Artery MCA

Answer 27

``` Occlusion of Middle Cerebral Artery will lead to sensorimotor function loss primarily in face and hands ```

Question 28

Distribution of Posterior cerebral artery PCA

Answer 28

Posterior cerebral artery supplies occipital lobe and branches to the thalamus. Occlusion will lead to visual disturbances. Possibly cause sensory losses on one side of body if thalamus deprived of blood.

Question 58

Pineal gland

Answer 58

Seep-wake cycle