Brain/Meninges

Question 1

Major Parts of Brain

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem (Midbrain, Pons, Medulla)

Question 2

Falx Cerebri and Corpus Collosum

Answer 2

Falx=separates hemispheres of cerebrum vertically

Collosum=connects hemispheres horizontally

Question 3

Sulcus

Answer 3

Groove

Question 4

Gyri

Answer 4

elevation

Question 5

Lobes

Answer 5

Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Insula

Question 6

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

Answer 6

Separates 2 hemispheres

Question 7

Lateral Sulcus (of Sylvius)

Answer 7

separates temporal and parietal lobes

Question 8

Vermis

Answer 8

cerebellum’s corpus collosum equivelant

Question 9

Two major Arteries Supply Brain

Answer 9

Internal Carotid and Vertebral Artery

Question 10

Basilar Artery

Answer 10

Where the vertebral arteries unite (lower border of pons)

-lies in medial groove of pons

Question 11

Anterior Inferior cerebellar arteries

Answer 11

One of the branches of the basilar artery

• spring from lower part of basilar
• run laterally along surface of pons to supply inferior surface of cerebellum

Question 12

Pontine Arteries

Answer 12

4-5 slender twigs travel laterally from basilar to pons

Question 13

Superior cerebellar arteries

Answer 13

spring from basilar close to its termination

-ramify on upper surface of cerebellum

Question 14

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Answer 14

Terminal branches of basilar

Question 15

Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 15

enter skull through carotid canal and inside skull give raise to branches

Question 16

Posterior Communicating

Answer 16

branch of internal carotid

-occasional seen to arise from middle cerebral

Question 17

Middle cerebral

Answer 17

branch of internal

Question 18

Anterior cerebral

Answer 18

branch of internal

Question 19

Anterior Communicating artery

Answer 19

2 anterior cerebral arteries are joined by this artery and then enter the median longitudinal fissure

Question 20

Circle of Willis

Answer 20

Cerebral Arterial Circle

Question 21

Three layers of Cranial Meninges

Answer 21

Dura Mater-tough outer layer
Arachnoid Mater- thin transparent, avasular layer between the pia and dur
Pia Mater- attached to outer surface of brain, vascular layer

Question 22

Dura Mater

Answer 22

External Periosteal Layer= endocranium formed by periosteum

Internal Meningeal Layer=strong layer continuos with foramen magnum of spinal dura

Question 23

Falx Cerebri

Answer 23

Longitudinal fissure of dura

• extends from crista galli of ethmoid bone to internal occipital protuberance
• posterior end it joins w/ upper part of tentorium cerebelli hold up tentorium like a tent

Question 24

Tantorium Cerebelli

Answer 24

-Partly separates occipital lobe from cerebellum
Attachments:
-anteriorly: clinoid process of sphenoid bone
-laterally: petrous part of temporal bone
-posteriorly: occipital bone
Anterior border is free and allows spinal cord to pass through

Question 25

Falx Cerebelli

Answer 25

partly separates cerebellar hemispheres attached to occipital bone -small vertical dural fold in posterior part of posterior cranial fossa

Question 26

Diaphragm Sellae

Answer 26

Circular sheet of dura - suspended between anterior and posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone - forms a roof over hypophyseal fossa - allows hypophyseal stalk to go through

Question 27

Dural Venous Sinuses

Answer 27

Contain blood - endothelial lined spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura - large veins from around brain empty here - Venous blood coursing the sinuses leave skull at jugular foramen draining into internal jugular vein at jugular bulb

Question 28

Superior Sagittal sinus

Answer 28

upper border of falx cerebri - starts at crista galli - ends at confluence of sinuses

Question 29

Confluence of Sinuses

Answer 29

located at internal occipital protuberance | -dilated junction for superior sagital, straight, occipital and transverse sinuses

Question 30

Inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 30

located in the inferior free edge of falx cerebri | -ends in free part of tentorium cerebelli by emptying into straight sinus

Question 31

Straight Sinus

Answer 31

located at junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli | -drains into confluence

Question 32

Transverse Sinuses

Answer 32

Right ad left are continuation of superior and straight sinuses respectively -follow grood for transverse sinus and end at the petrous bone to become the sigmoid sinus

Question 33

Sigmoid SInuses

Answer 33

s-shaped groove in bone and empty at jugular foramen

Question 34

Occipital Sinus

Answer 34

lies in attached border of falx cerebelli | -empties at confluence

Question 35

Cavernous Sinuses

Answer 35

bilateral sides of sella turcica (middle part of sphenoid) | -receives blood from superior and inferior opthalmic veins and sphenoparietal sinus

Question 36

Sphenoparietal Sinuses

Answer 36

small sinuses that course along lesser wing

Question 37

Superior petrosal sinuses

Answer 37

stretch bewtween cavernous and transverse sinuses

Question 38

Inferior petrosal sinuses

Answer 38

commence at cavernous sinus and drain into the jugular foramen

Question 39

Emissary Veins

Answer 39

connect dural venous sinuses with veins of outside skull

Question 40

Arachnoid Granulations

Answer 40

Place for CSF to escape from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinus -consist of arachnoid villi that have one way valves

Question 41

Blood Supply to Meninges

Answer 41

Menigeal arteries | -middle menigeal artery enters skull through foramen spinosus to supply dura

Question 42

Nerve supply

Answer 42

Largely CN V -some CN X and XII Dura very sensitive to pain resulting from pressure changes