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Psych: Unit 1 > Brain/Neural Firing > Flashcards

Brain/Neural Firing Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

study on how or make up influences behavior, thoughts and emotion

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2
Q

Neuron

A

processes information in body (three types)

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3
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

carry messages IN from the body’s tissues and sensory receptor to CNS for processing

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4
Q

Motor Neurons

A

carry OUT instructions from the CNS to body’s tissue

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5
Q

Interneurons

A

processes information between sensory input and motor output

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6
Q

Dendrite

A

receive messages from other cells

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7
Q

Axon

A

passes messages away from cell body to other neuron, muscles, and glands

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8
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

cover axon of some Neurons and helps speed neural impulses

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9
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

disease that affects central nervous system, specifically the myelin sheath, it slows down neural impulses

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10
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

can cause weakness in muscles because of Acetylcholine deficiency

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11
Q

Glial Cells

A

help insulate, restore, and protect body

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12
Q

Action Potential/Firing potential

A

neural impulse traveling down axon like a wave

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13
Q

Resting Potential

A

no neural impulse is traveling down the axon

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14
Q

Refractory Period

A

does not allow any more action potential to be created

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15
Q

Threshold

A

a certain amount the action potential has to gain before it starts moving

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16
Q

Synapse

A

gap between the cells

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17
Q

Excitatory Synapse

A

synapse that increases the action potential

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18
Q

Inhibitory Synapse

A

Synapse that decreases the action potential

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19
Q

All-or-None Response

A

either the the neuron fires or it does not (no in between)

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20
Q

Polarization

A

action potential in a cell

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21
Q

Depolarization

A

neurons charge is becoming positive

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22
Q

Repolarization

A

neurons charge going back to negative state

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23
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemicals used to send signals across synapse

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24
Q

Acetylcholine

A

enables muscle action, learning, memory, and sleep

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25
Dopamine
influences movement, learning, attention, emotion, and reward pathway
26
Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
27
Norepinephrine
helps control alertness and arousal
28
GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter, reduces excitability
29
Glutamate
major excitatory neurotransmitter, involves memory
30
Endorphins
body's natural pain reliever and mood enhancers
31
Substance P
helps transmit pain signals to brain and spinal cord
32
Agonists
molecule fill receptor site, and impersonates neurotransmitter
33
Antagonists
fills the lock so neurotransmitter cannot active the receptor cite
34
Reuptake inhibitors
do not allow the excess neurotransmitters to go back up into the neuron causing the cell to over stimulate
35
Nervous System
makes your body's decisions and send signals to your body
36
Central Nervous System (CNS)
consists of brain and spinal cord and makes decisions for body
37
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
consists of the nerves and gathers and sends information to and from the rest of the body
38
Somatic Nervous System
controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
39
Autonomic Nervous System
controls self-regulated internal organs and glands
40
Sympathetic Nervous System
arouses (fight or flight)
41
Parasympathetic Nervous System
calms (rest and digest)
42
Reflex Arc
it allows you to react to something before your brain even processes it
43
Endocrine System
set of glands that produce hormones into bloodstream
44
Pituitary Gland
secrete different hormones
45
Hormones
chemical messengers
46
Adrenaline
"fight or flight", increases heart rate, boosts energy
47
Leptin
tells you when your full
48
Grehlin
stimulates appetite ("hunger hormone")
49
Melatonin
regulates sleep-wake cycle
50
Oxytocin
"love hormone", sexual arousal
51
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
recording of electrical waves sweeping across brain's surface (helpful in studying seizures and sleep)
52
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)
reveals brain activity and function
53
Brainstem
pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from the brain; controls simple reflexes
54
Medulla
controls heartbeat and breathing
55
Reticular activating system
helps control arousal
56
Reward center
place of the brain with the feeling of desirable outcome happens
57
Thalamus
where all sensory information goes (except smell)
58
Cerebellum
coordinates voluntary movement and balance and supports memories
59
Limbic System
group of interconnected brain structures that help regulate emotion and behavior
60
Amygdala
linked to emotion
61
Hypothalamus
controls main functions (eating); helps govern endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward
62
Cerebral Cortex
brain; memory, attention, precipitation, awareness, and thought
63
Prefrontal Cortex
involves planning, impulse control, personality, emotional regulation, and decision-making
64
Frontal Lobes
involved in speaking muscle movements, planning, and judgement
65
Parietal Lobes
include the somatosensory cortex and information
66
Somatosensory Cortex
processes touch, pain, pressure, and temperature (located in parietal lobe)
67
Occipital Lobes
includes visual areas
68
Temporal Lobes
includes auditory processing area
69
Motor Cortex
axons receive motor signals from brain; controls functions
70
Sensory Cortex
axons send sensory information to brain
71
Association Areas
areas in the brain that do not have specific motor or sensory function
72
Broca’s area
located in left frontal lobe, if damaged leads to difficulty speaking and putting words together
73
Wernicke's area
located in left temporal lobe, if damaged difficulty comprehending speech and producing coherent speech
74
Aphasia
not being able to speak or understand a language
75
Hippocampus
linked to memory
76
Plasticity
flexibility of the brain, can make up for some places that do not function correctly
77
Corpus Callosum
axon fibers that connect the two hemispheres
78
Split Brain
brain has two parts ( right and left hemisphere) that work in unison together
79
Left Hemisphere
includes language comprehension, speech, and details
80
Right Hemisphere
includes feelings, tone, spacial recognition, and perceptual tasks
81
Contralateral organization
one side of the body is control be the other side of the brain, work together to create efficiency
82
Cognitive Neuroscience
study of the brain supporting the mind
83
Case studies
research method of one specific person/case that cannot be recreated
83
Lesioning procedures
taking out parts of the brain that are causing problems to see how it reacts and changes life

Psych: Unit 1 (5 decks)

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