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Nervous System - Anatomy > Brain & Spinal Cord 1 > Flashcards

Brain & Spinal Cord 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

What three parts make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

What cranial cavity does the brainstem lie in?

A

Foramen Magnum

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3
Q

What two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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4
Q

What cavities (of the ventricular system) lie within the brainstem?

A

3rd & 4th Ventricle

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5
Q

Where do most arachnoid villi pierce and drain into?

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

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6
Q

What cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VI-VIII

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7
Q

What cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

CN VII - Facial Nerve

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8
Q

What produces the pyramids?

A

Descending fibres of ipsilateral cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What is the olive?

A

The connection primarily with the cerebellum and is involved in the control of movement

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10
Q

What percentage of fibres cross over?

A

75-90%

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11
Q

What structure does the open part of the medulla open onto?

A

4th Ventricle

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12
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle and where is it found?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

Midbrain

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13
Q

What are the colliculi part of?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What is the middle cerebellar peduncle of the pons made up of?

A

Centripetal fibres

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15
Q

What lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

Diencephalon - Thalamus & Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What fibres make up the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for?

A

Efferent fibres

Thalamic nuclei

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17
Q

What does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Cerebrum & Midbrain

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18
Q

What are superior and inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

Superior - Visual reflex

Inferior - Auditory reflex

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19
Q

What midline structure connects the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

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20
Q

What ventricular space lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th Ventricle

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21
Q

What happen when there is a sudden drop in intracranial pressure?

A

Cerebellar coning - Tonsils may herniate through the foramen

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22
Q

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Median Longitudinal Fissure

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23
Q

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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24
Q

What nerves fibres are carried in the corpus callosum?

A

Commissural

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25
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
A fold of dura mater which covers the cerebellum
26
What lobe is responsible for primary motor cortex?
Frontal
27
What lobe is responsible for primary sensory cortex?
Parietal
28
What lobe is responsible for primary visual cortex?
Occipital
29
What lobe is responsible for primary auditory cortex?
Temporal
30
What is the sulcus called that sits inferiorly to the parieto-occipital sulcus?
Calcarine sulcus
31
What level does the spinal cord terminate (Conus Medullaris) in adults and children?
Adults - L1 | Children - L2-3
32
At what vertebral level do the dura and arachnoid mater terminate at?
S2
33
What does the pia mater extend as past the end of the spinal cord and where does it go to?
Filum terminale | Coccyx
34
What are the maters called that hang down?
Cauda Equina
35
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
36
Where is an UMN lesion located?
Primary motor cortex
37
Where is a LMN lesion located?
Spinal cord/Cranial nerve nuclei
38
What arteries make up the Circle of Willis? (14)
``` Anterior cerebral Anterior communicating Ophthalmic ICA Middle cerebral Posterior communicating Posterior cerebral Anterior superior cerebellar Basilar Labyrinthe Anterior inferior cerebellar Posterior inferior cerebellar Vertebral Anterior spinal ```
39
What arteries do the right and left vertebral arteries arise from?
Subclavian
40
How is the basilar artery formed and what part of the brainstem is it most closely related to?
Intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries unite at the caudal border of the pons Pons
41
In which fissure do the anterior cerebral arteries run in?
Median longitudinal fissure
42
In which fissure do the middle cerebral arteries run in?
Lateral fissure
43
In which fissure do the posterior cerebral arteries run in?
Parieto-occipital?
44
Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary motor cortex?
Anterior | Middle
45
Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary sensory area?
Anterior | Middle
46
Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary visual cortex?
Posterior
47
Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary auditory area?
Middle
48
Which cerebral artery(s) supply the area for olfaction?
Posterior
49
Into which vein do the dural venous sinuses drain?
IJV
50
What veins drain into the cavernous sinus?
Superficial middle cerebral vein
51
What fluid is found in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
52
What bony structures does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?
Ethmoid & Crista gali processes
53
Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?
Superior sagittal sinus
54
Which dural venous sinus runs along the upper border of the falx cerebri?
Straight sinus
55
What bony points of the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?
Superior angle of the petrous part of the temporal bone
56
Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri?
Transverse
57
What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?
Diaphragma Sellae
58
In what sections of the brain to the different parts of the lateral ventricle lie?
Anterior horn - Frontal lobe Body - Frontal/Parietal lobes extending to the splenium of the corpus callosum Posterior horn - Occipital lobe Inferior horn - Temporal lobe
59
What specialised structures lining the ventricles generate CSF?
Choroid plexus
60
How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle?
Interpeduncular & Quadrigeminal cisterns | *Foramen of Magendi*
61
At what point is CSF reabsorbed into general circulation?
Arachnoid granulations
62
What area arachnoid granulations?
Protrusions of arachnoid villi into the walls of dural venous sinuses

Nervous System - Anatomy (2 decks)

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