Brain Stem External Features

Question 1

How is the brain stem connected to the cerebellum?

Answer 1

By the 3 peduncles :

• SCP
• MCP
• ICP

Question 2

Superior cerebellar peduncle connects what to what?

Answer 2

Cerebellum to the midbrain

Question 3

Middle cerebellar peduncle connects what to what?

Answer 3

Cerebellum to pons

Question 4

ICP connects what to what?

Answer 4

Cerebellum to medulla

Question 5

Waite matter of the Brian’s team includes?

Answer 5

Longitudinal fibers
Horizontal fibers

Question 6

Longitudinal fibers of Brian stem include?

Answer 6

Descending tracts
Ascending tracts
Association tract called medial longitudinal bundle

Question 7

Horizontal fibers of brain stem include?

Answer 7

• Decussations
• Arcuate fibers in the medulla

Question 8

Grey matter of brain stem include?

Answer 8

• Cranial nerve nuclei
• Olivary nuclei in medulla
• Pontine nuclei in their pons
• Red nucleus in the midbrain

Question 9

What is reticular formation?

Answer 9

A core of mixed grey and white matters lying within the brain stem

Question 10

The medulla obloingata extends from where to where?

Answer 10

Spinal cord to pons

Question 11

What 3 elevations does the medulla oblongata have on its ventral surface?

Answer 11

Pyramid
Olive
ICP

Question 12

The olive, pyramid and ICP are elevations on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata on each side of what?

Answer 12

The anterior median fissure

Question 13

List the 3 elevations on each side of anterior median fissure medial to lateral

Answer 13

Pyramid - olive - ICP

Question 14

What is the pyramid made by?

Answer 14

Corticospinal tract

Question 15

What does the pyramid form?

Answer 15

Motor decussation in the lower medulla

Question 16

What is the olive made by?

Answer 16

Inferior olivary nucleus

Question 17

What is the ICP made of?

Answer 17

Fibers connecting the medulla and cerebellum

Question 18

What nerve attachments does the medulla oblongata show?

Answer 18

Last 4 cranial nerves : XII, IX, X, XI

Question 19

Where on the medulla is nerve XII attached to?

Answer 19

Anterolateral sulcus ( between the pyramid and olive)

Question 20

Where on the medulla are the IX, X, XI cranial nerves attached?

Answer 20

To the posterolateral sulcus ( between the olive & ICP)

Question 21

Where is basis Pontis located?

Answer 21

• The middle of the pons
• It projects anteriorly

Question 22

What does the basis pontis show?

Answer 22

• Sulcus for the basilar artery
• Transverse grooves between bundles of transverse fibers

Question 23

What nerves does the pons give attachment to?

Answer 23

V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 24

Where on the pons is the nerve V attached?

Answer 24

• To the junction of basis pontis and MCP
• Closer to upper border by 2 roots

Question 25

For the Trigeminal nerve comment on the nerves

Answer 25

Sensory : Large, lateral Motor : Small, medial

Question 26

Where is nerve VI located on the pons?

Answer 26

- Lower border of pons, just above pyramid

Question 27

Where on the pons is nerve VII located?

Answer 27

Cerebello-pontine angle ( Between MCP & ICP)

Question 28

Comment on the roots of the facial nerve

Answer 28

Motor : Large, medial Sensory nervous intermedius : Small, lateral

Question 29

Where is nerve VIII attached?

Answer 29

Cerebello-pontine angle, lateral to VII

Question 30

Comment on the roots of vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 30

Vestibular- Medially Cochlear - laterally

Question 31

Where is the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 31

It emerges from the medial side of the cerebral peduncle

Question 32

What structures wind around the cerebral peduncle?

Answer 32

- Optic tract - Trochlear nerve - Posterior cerebral artery - Basal vein

Question 33

What are the boundaries of the interpeduncular fossa?

Answer 33

Anteriorly - optic chiasma Anterolaterally - optic tract Posterolaterally - cerebral peduncle Posteriorly - Upper border of pons

Question 34

What are the contents of the interpeduncular fossa?

Answer 34

- Tuber cinereum - Mammillary bodies - Posterior perforated substance - Oculomotor nerve

Question 35

What is the Tuber cinereum?

Answer 35

- A convex mass of grey matter - The median eminence of hypothalamus

Question 36

How is the tuber cinereum connected with the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Answer 36

Via the infuldibulum

Question 37

What are the mammillary bodies?

Answer 37

2 rounded nuclei of hypothalamus

Question 38

What is the posterior perforated substance?

Answer 38

An area of grey matter showing small holes pierced by the central branches of posterior cerebral artery

Question 39

Where does the oculomotor nerve emerge from?

Answer 39

Medial surface of cerebral peduncle

Question 40

Where is the anterior perforated substance located?

Answer 40

- Lateral to optic chiasma - Pierced by central branches of anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 41

The lower part of the back of medulla oblongata shows 3 elevations on each side of what?

Answer 41

Posterior median sulcus

Question 42

What are the 3 elevations on the lower part of back of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 42

- Gracile fasciculus (tract) ending on gracile tubercle (nucleus) - Cuneate fasciculus ending in cuneate tubercle - ICP

Question 43

The upper part of the medulla oblongata forms what?

Answer 43

Lower part of the floor of 4th ventricle

Question 45

What is the base of the upper part of the back of medulla shoe rated from the pons with?

Answer 45

Medullary stria

Question 46

What is the apex of the upper part of the back of the medulla continuous with?

Answer 46

Central canal

Question 48

What is the base of the back of the pons made of?

Answer 48

Medullary stria

Question 49

The apex of the back of pons is continuous with?

Answer 49

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius