Brain Structures

Question 1

Grey Matter

Answer 1

Cell bodies location

Question 2

White Matter

Answer 2

Fibers

Question 3

Basal Ganglia

Answer 3

Subcortical part of brain
Voluntary motor control
Procedural learning (behaviors or habits)
Eye movement
Cognitive/emotional functions

Question 4

Basal Ganglia made up of

Answer 4

Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Caudate Nucleus
Thalamus

Question 5

Striatum

Answer 5

Putamen + caudate

Question 6

Corpus Striatum

Answer 6

Striatum

Globus pallidus

Question 7

Internal Capusle

Answer 7

Myelinated fibers that separate thalamus from putamen and globes pallidus nuclei
Part of corticospinal/corticobulbar tract

Question 8

Lenticular nuclei

Answer 8

Kinked band of myelinated fibers that separate caudate nucleus/thalamus from globes pallidus/putament

Question 9

Caudate Nucleus

Answer 9

Bounded on one side by lateral ventricle

Divided into head, body, tail

Question 10

Endorphins

Answer 10

Chemicals that produce positve emotional state

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

Released by neurons in putamen

Question 12

In Parkinson’s

Answer 12

Putamen cause excessive inhibition of thalamus -> leads to tremors and trouble with voluntary movement

Question 13

Amygdala

Answer 13

Processes memory and emotional reactions

Question 14

Basal Ganglia Defects

Answer 14

Changes in muscle tone
Akinesia
Bradykinesia
Dyskinesia

Question 15

Akinesia

Answer 15

Loss of normal motor function resulting in impaired muscle movement

Question 16

Bradykinesia

Answer 16

Slow movement

Question 17

Dyskinesia

Answer 17

Impaired ability to make voluntary movements

Characterized by spasmodic/repetitive motions or lack of coordination

Question 18

Tremors

Answer 18

Resting tremor

Postural tremor when body is held in particular position

Question 19

Athetosis

Answer 19

Slow, writhing movements of extremities (hands) and neck musculature

Question 20

Chorea

Answer 20

Quick, repeated, involuntary movements of distal extremity muscles/face/tongue
Associated with lesion of corpus striatum

Question 21

Huntington’s

Answer 21

Autosomal-dominant disorder

Onset between 35 and 45

Question 22

Huntington’s Pathophys

Answer 22

Mutation of gene on chromosome 4

Function of Huntingtin gene not known

Question 23

Huntington’s Pathology

Answer 23

Loss of neurons in caudate and putamen
Loss of GABA-ergic neurons in corpus striatum results in chorea
Cerebral cortex becomes atrophic

Question 24

Parkinson’s

Answer 24

Onset between 50 and 65

Characterized by tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia and balance problems

Question 25

Parkinson's Signs

Answer 25

Slow, monotonous speech Diminutive writing Loss of fascial expression

Question 26

Parkinson's Pathophys

Answer 26

Loss of pigmented (dopaminergic) neurons in substantia nigra

Question 27

Lateral Ventricles

Answer 27

Within telencephalon

Question 28

3rd Ventricle

Answer 28

Between 2 halves of diencephalon

Question 29

4th Ventricle

Answer 29

Within brain stem | Has 3 opening to outside of brain

Question 30

CSF Circulation

Answer 30

Produced by choroid plexus in ventricles -> lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle -> central canal & subarachnoid space -> return at superior sagittal sinus via arachnoid granulations