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Brain Vocab Flashcards

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0
Q

Arachnoid villi

A

Out pocket of the arachnoid into dural sinuses that allows for reabsorption of CSF into blood.

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1
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of the meninges names for the spider-web-like trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater

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2
Q

Association fibers

A

Region of cortex connected to a primary sensory cortical area that further processes the information to generate more complex sensory perceptions

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3
Q

Basal nuclei

A

Nuclei of the cerebrum that are responsible for assessing cortical movement commands and comparing them with the general state of the individual through broad modulatory activity of dopamine neurons

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4
Q

Blood- brain barrier

A

Phycological barrier between the circulatory system and the CNS that establishes a privileged blood supply, restricting the flow of substances into the CNS

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5
Q

Brain

A

The large organ of the CNS composed of white and gray matter

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6
Q

Brain stem

A

Region of the adult brain that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and develops from the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and meyelincephalon, of the embryonic brain

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7
Q

Central canal

A

Hollow space within the spinal cord that is a remnant of the center of the neural tube

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Region of the adult brain connected primarily to the pons that developed from the metencephalon and is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum to the with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord

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9
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Connection of the ventricular system between the third and fourth ventricles located in the midbrain

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10
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer gray matter covering the forebrain, marked by wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci

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11
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

One half of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum

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12
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Circulatory medium with the CNS that is produced by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus filtering the blood

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13
Q

Cerebrum

A

Region of the adult brain the develops from the telencephalon and is responsible for higher neurological functions such as memory , emotion, and consciousness.

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14
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Specialized structure containing ependymal cells that line the blood capillaries and filter blood to produce CSF in the four ventricles of the brain

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15
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Tracts that connect hemispheres

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16
Q

Corona radiata

A

Tracts that radiate from the cerebral cortex and go to the brain stem

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17
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Large white matter structures that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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18
Q

Cranial nerves

A

One of twelve nerves connected to the brain that are responsible for sensory or motor functions of the head and neck

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19
Q

Diencephalon

A

Region of the adult brain retains its name from the embryonic developments and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

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20
Q

Dura matter

A

Tough, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges that is attached to the inner surface of the cranium and vertebral column and surrounds the CNS

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21
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

Patterns of neuronal electrical activity generated by synaptic activity in the cortex

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22
Q

Epithalamus

A

Region of the diencephalon containing the pineal gland

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23
Q

Fissure

A

Deep groups that divide the cerebrum into groups

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24
Gray matter
Regions of the nervous system containing cell bodies of neurons with few or no myelinated axons
25
Gyrus
Ridges that divide the cerebrum into lobes q
26
Homunculus
Body map that shows inner action of the body.
27
Hypothalamus
Major region of the diencephalon that is responsible for coordinating automatic and endocrine control of homeostasis
28
Limbic system
Structures at the edge of the boundary between the forebrain and the hindbrain that a re most associated with emotional behavior and memory formation
29
Lobe
A region of the brain
30
Medulla oblongata
Includes the most important fiber tracts and control centers for automatic controls
31
Memory
The capacity of the brain to retain information
32
Meninges
Protective outer coverings of the CNS composed of connective tissue
33
Midbrain
Middle region of the adult brain
34
Pia matter
Thin, innermost membrane of the meninges that directly covers the surface of the CNS
35
Pineal body
Endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, which is important to maintaining the sleep-wake cycle
36
Pituitary gland
Bean-sized organ suspended from the hypothalamus that produces, stores, and secretes hormones in response to hypothalamic stimulation
37
Pons
Connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
38
Postcentral Gyrus
Primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
39
Precentral gyrus
Ridge just posterior to the postcentral sulcus in the parietal lobe where somatosensory initially takes place in the cerebrum
40
Projection fibers
Connects cerebrum to other regions of the brain and spinal cord
41
Reticular formation
Diffuse region of gray matter throughout the brain stem that regulates sleep, wakefulness, and states of consciousness
42
Spinal cord
Organ of the CNS found within the vertebral cavity and connected to the periphery throughout spinal nerves
43
Spinal nerves
One of 31 connected to the spinal cord
44
Subarachnoid space
Space between the arachnoid matter and pia matter that contains CSF and the fibrous connections of the arachnoid trabeculae
45
Sulcus
Groove formed by convolutions in the surface of the cerebral cortex
46
Thalamus
Region of the CNS that acts as a relay for sensory pathways
47
Ventricle
Central cavity within the brain where CSF is produced and circulates
48
White matter
Regions of the nervous system contains mostly myelinated axons
49
Alzheimer's
A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions
50
Anencephaly
A baby born with an underdeveloped brain and an incomplete skull.
51
Aphasia
language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
52
Ataxia
the loss of full control of bodily movements.
53
Cerebral edema
a swelling in the brain caused by the presence of excessive fluid.
54
Cerebral palsy
A congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone, or posture.
55
Cerebrovascular accident
Damage to the brain from interruption of its blood supply.
56
Concussion
A brain injury caused by a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body.
57
Contusion
a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise
58
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain, often due to infection.
59
Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body.
60
Huntington's disease
An inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time.
61
Hydrocephalus
A build-up of fluid in the cavities deep within the brain.
62
Intercranial hemorrhage
a type of bleeding that occurs inside the skull (cranium). Bleeding around or within the brain
63
Meningitis
Inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes, typically caused by an infection.
64
Multiple sclerosis
A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves.
65
Paralysis
the loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body
66
Parkinson's disease
A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often including tremors.
67
Spina bifida
A birth defect in which a developing baby's spinal cord fails to develop properly.
68
transient ischemic attack
A brief stroke-like attack that, despite resolving within minutes to hours, still requires immediate medical attention to distinguish from an actual stroke.

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