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BRAINE Pharma Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What drugs display tachyphylaxis

A

MED students Love to watch CNN in HD
(MED) Metoclopromide,Ephedrine, Dobutamine

LSD

CNN (calcitonin, Nitroglycerin, Nicotine)

HD (hydralazine, desmopressin)

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1
Q

What drugs display zero order elimination kinetics?

A

WHAT PET

Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Theophylline

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2
Q

Phase I reactions

A

HORD

Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Deamination

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3
Q

Cytochrome p450 inhibitors?

A

Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QV

Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit
Tiyonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Valproic acid
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4
Q

Common teratogens?

ACE inhibitors - 
Phenytoin -
Barbiturates - 
DES - 
Ethanol -
A 
ACE inhibitors - fetal renal damage
Phenytoin -fetal hydantoin syndrome
Barbiturates - neonatal dependance
DES - vaginal clear cell adenoCA
Ethanol - fetal alcohol syndrome
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5
Q

Common teratogens??

Lithium -
Isotret -
Misoprostol - 
Penicillamine-
Thalidomide -
A 
Lithium -ebsteins anomaly
Isotret - craniofacial malformations
Misoprostol -  mobius syndrome
Penicillamine- cutis laxa
Thalidomide - phocomelia
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6
Q

Common teratogens?

Smoking -
Tetracycline-
Methimazole-
Sulfonamides - 
Warfarin-
A 
Smoking - IUGR
Tetracycline- tooth discoloration
Methimazole- aplasia cutis congenita
Sulfonamides - kernicterus
Warfarin- 1st tri(chondrodysplasia)
                2nd (CNS malformations)
                3rd (bleeding)
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7
Q

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning?

A

1st choice - ATROPINE

2nd - pralidoxime(must be administered before 6-8 hours)

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8
Q

Most selective drug for prostatic Smooth muscle?

A

Tamsulosin

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9
Q

Drugs that can decrease secretion of aqueous humor?

A

TAMAD gumawa ng Aqueous humor

Timolol
Acetazolamide
Mannitol
Apraclonidine
Dorzolamide
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10
Q

Side effects of Thiazides?

A

Hyper GLUC

Hyper Glycemia
Hyper lipidemia
Hyper uricemia
Hyper Calcemia

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11
Q

What drugs are used to control BP in pheochromocytoma?

A

PLP

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetalol

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12
Q

Primary signs of parkinson disease

A 
TRAP
tremor
rigidity
akinesis
postural instability
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13
Q

Most common side effect of Apomorphine and what drug can be used to prevent it?

A

severe nausea

premedicatr with Trimethobenzamide

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14
Q

What syndrome occurs when Selegiline (mao b inhibitor) is combined with SSRIs?

A

serotonin syndrome

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15
Q

antipsychotic with strongest autonomic effects

and only one with fatal overdose

A

thioridazine

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16
Q

antipyschotic with the weakes autonomic effect and least sedating among typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol

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17
Q

only antipsychotic that reduces risk of suicide

A

clozapine

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18
Q

Only antipsychotic approved for schizophrenia in youth

A

risperidone

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19
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms?

and treatment?

A 
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated cpk
Rigidity

tx: diphenhydramine

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20
Q

Least sedating atypical antipsychotic

A

Aripiprazole

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21
Q

Threshold for toxicity of lithium

A

2 meq/l

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22
Q

Toxic dose of TCA? Lethal dose?

A

7mg/kg td

15 mg/kg ld

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23
Q

What drugs cause erectile dysfunction?

A 
A SORE PEniS cant Fuck Hard
SSRI
opiates
Risperidone
Ethanol
Propranolol
Estrogen
Spironolactone
Finasteride
Hydrochlorothiazide
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24
What drugs cause priapism?
Tigas PeniS Qu AyaW Bumaba Trazodone Papaverine Sildenafil Quetiapine Alprostadil Warfarin Bupropion
25
What are the features of Serotonin syndrome? | and treatment
``` FAT CHD Fever Agitation Tremor Clonus Hyperreflexia Diaphoresis ``` tx: cyproheptadine
26
Drug induced lupus?
Its HIPP to have LUPUS Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Penicillamine
27
Side effect of nitroprusside?
cyanide toxicity Treatment - amyl nitrite + IV Na nitrite + IV Na thiosulfate
28
What drugs have Narrow therapeutic index?
WALA n Cyang PaPa, Vasted na (kasi makitid utak niya) Warfarin Aminoglycosides Lithium Amphotericin B Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Vancomycin, theophylline, digoxin
29
Treatment for digitalis toxicity?
lidocaine
30
What drugs can cause livedo reticularis?
HAMburGer with Quezo can cause LIVEDO Reticularis ``` Hydroxyurea Amantadine Minocycline Gemcitabine Quinidine ```
31
What are the drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?
``` Si Granny, kailangan naka-CCCAPPIT! Para d madapa! Colchicine Co-trimoxazole Clozapine Aminopyrine PTU Phenoxybutazone Indomethacin Tocainide ```
32
Different classifications of antiarrhytmic drugs?
SBP-C I - Sodium channel blockers II - Beta blockers III - Potassium channel blockers IV - Calcium channel clockers
33
Class I A anti-arrhytmics??
I Am Queen who Proclaimed Disopyramid Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide
34
Class I B antiarrhytmics?
I Buy Mexican Tacos from Lily mexiletine Tocainide Lidocaine
35
Class I C antiarrhytmics?
Chicken ay Pagkain For Enrico Propafenone Flecainide Encainide
36
Class III antiarrhytmics?
AIDS Amiodarone Ibutilide Dofetilide Sotalol
37
Rate limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis?
HMG CoA synthase
38
What is the Toxic dose of aspirin?
150 mg/kg or 21 aspirin 500 mg tabs
39
What is the lethal dose of aspirin?
30 g (60 aspirin tabs)
40
What is the antidote of paracetamol overdose?
N-acetylcysteine
41
Toxic dose of Paracetamol?
150 mg/kg (21 paracetamol 500 mg tabs)
42
Lethal dose of Paracetamol?
15 g (30 paracetamol 500 mg tabs)
43
DMARD of 1st choice to treat Rheumatoid arthritis?
Methotrexate
44
Antidote of Methotrexate?
LEUCOVORIN or Folinic acid
45
Rescue agent for Cyclosphamide toxicity?
MESNA
46
DMARD drug that can reactivate latent TB?
Infliximab
47
What drug that can irreversibly inhibits xanthine oxidase?
Allopurinol
48
What are drugs that cause flushing?
V-A-N-C Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Ca channel blockers
49
DOC for acute migraine?
Sumatriptan
50
Antidote for ergotamide toxicity.
Nitroprusside
51
Oral and IV treatment for Iron overload?
Oral - defrasirOx | IV - deferoxamIne
52
Treatment for heparin overdose? Warfarin overdose?
Heparin overdose - protamine sulfate | Warfarin overdose - vit k and FFP
53
Advantage of enoxaparin and fondaparinux as compare to heparin?
Does not require aPTT
54
Cyp 450 inducers?
Ethel Booba takes Penis and Refuses Girls ClitoriS ``` Ethanol Barbiturates Phenytoin Rifampicin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine Smoking ```
55
Antidote for alteplase and streptokinase.
Aminocaproic acid
56
Treatment for lead poisoning?
Dimercaprol
57
Drugs that are category X?
Sex ON CAM Statin OCP Clomiphene Vit A misoprostol
58
Treatment for rebound hypertension?
Phentolamine
59
What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?
NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiva mo VEH! Nifedipine Cyclosporine Phenytoin Verapamil
60
DOC for venticular arrhythmias post MI?
IB lidocaine?
61
Anti hyperlipidemic drug that can increase risk of cholesterol gallstone?
Fibrates
62
shortest and longest halflife opiod?
Remifentanil - 3-4 mins | Buprenorphine - 4-8 hrs
63
Triad of opiod overdose?
pcr Pupillary constriction Comatose state Respiratory Depression
64
Most dangerous hallucinogenic agent
Phencyclidine
65
Wolf-chaikoff versus Jod Basedow?
Wolf Chaikoff - ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism | Jod Basedow phenomenon - ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism
66
Which antithyroid inhibit peripheral conversion T4 to T3?
Propylthiouracil Propranolol Hydrocortisone
67
Drugs which can cause drug-induced hyperthyroidism?
Clofibrate Amiodarone Methadone
68
drug of choice for pregnant patients with cushings syndrome
metyrapone
69
Bactericidal antibiotics?
Very Finely Proficient at Cell Murder Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Penicillins Aminoglycosides Cephalosporin Metronidazole
70
Bacteriostatic antibiotics?
``` We're ECSTaTic about bacteriostatics. Erythromycin Clindamycin Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim Tetracycline Chloramphenicol ```
71
antimicrobial coverage coverage of extended spectrum penicillins?
``` Amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci. Haemophilus influenzae Escherichia coli Listeria monocytogenes Proteus mirabilis Salmonella Enterococci ```
72
differentiate antimicrobial coverage of first and second gen cephalosporins.
``` first gen- PEcKs First Gram positive plus Proteus mirabilis Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae ``` ``` second gen - HEN PEcKS additional coverage of: Hemophilus influenzae Enterobacter aerogenes Neisseria Proteus mirabilis E.coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia marcescens ```
73
first gen cephalosporins?
``` FADer help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalothin CePHapirin CePHradine CePHalexin ```
74
second gen cephalosporins?
In a FAMily gathering you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA. CeFAMandole CeFOXitin CeFURoxime CefoTEtan
75
Third gen cephalosporins?
``` FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTV CeFEtamet CefPOdoxin CefoPERAzone CeFIXime CefTriaxone CefTazidime CefoTaxime CefTizoxime CefTibuten ```
76
anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins?
Ceftazidime Cefepime Cefoperazone
77
examples of antibiotic which are 30s and 50s protein synthesis inhibitors?
``` Buy AT 30 CELLS at 50 Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Lincosamides Linezolid Streptogramins ```
78
All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except?
Azithromycin
79
Which antiobiotic is the only drug which inhibits 50s and is bactericidal?
Streptogramin - Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
80
Aminoglycoside with the narrowest therapeuti window
Amikacin
81
Aminoglycosides which are the most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides.
Gentamicin and Tobramycin
82
Aminoglycoside used for Hepatic encephalopathy?
Neomycin
83
Most ototoxic aminoglycoside
Kanamycin and amikacin
84
Aminoglycoside for Visceral leishmaniasis
Paromomycin
85
Drugs which may cause Pulmonary fibrosis
``` BBBAN ME Bleomycin Busulfan Bromocriptine Amiodarone Nitrofurantoin Methotrexate ```
86
DOC for West African sleeping sickness with CNS involvement
Eflornithine
87
DOC for East African sleeping sickness with CNS involvement
Melarsopol
88
DOC for chagas disease
nifurtimox
89
DOC for leishmaniasis
Sodium Stibogluconate
90
All cestodes treated with praziquantel except for hydatid disease. DOC?
Albendazole
91
DOC for trematodes
Praziquantel
92
DOC for Trichinosis
thiabendazole
93
DOC for pinworm infection
pyrantel pamoate
94
DOC for Strongyloidiasis
ivermectin
95
DOC for filariasis
diethylcarbamazine
96
DOC for whipworm infection
mebendazole
97
Drugs which act on M phase
Vinblastine Vincristine paclitaxel
98
drug which act on g2 phase
bleomycin
99
Drug which act on Go phase
``` alkylating agents antitumor antibiotics nitrosureas cisplatn ```
100
drugs which act on s phase
``` cytarabine 6-mercapturine 6-thioganunine methotrexate hydroxyurea etoposide ```
101
Rescue tx for Methotrexate?
leucoverin
102
Rescue tx for Cyclophosphamide
MESNA
103
Rescue tx for Doxurubicin
Dexrazoxane
104
Rescue tx for Cisplatin
Amifostine
105
side effects of antacids
MgOH - diarrhea Mgtatae | AlOH - constipation Alatae
106
DOC for diabetic gastroparesis
Metoclopromide
107
DOC for Acute arsenic poisoining, Acute mercury poisoning
dimercaprol
108
DOC for chronic lead poisoning
oral succimer | EDTA+dimercaprol (for severe cases)
109
DOC for copper poisoning
penicillamine
110
manifestation of ASA poisoning
``` CHAFS coma hyperventilation acidosis fever seizure ```
111
manifestation of sedative-hypnotics poisoning | and tx
``` hot hot hot decision hypothermia hypotension hypoactive bs disinhibition coma nystagmus ``` tx: flumazenil for benzodiazepine overdose
112
increased stool osmolar gap
``` Methanol ethanol diuretics isopropyl alcohol ethylene glycol ```
113
drugs that cause hyperkalemia
``` beta blockers digitalis overdose fluoride lithium potassium-sparing diuretics ```
114
antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
Ethanol or fomepizole
115
antidote for b-blocker overdose
glucagon
116
antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning
hyperbaric oxygen
117
adverse effects of loop diuretics?
``` OH DANG Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy to sulfa Nephritis Gout ```
118
Adverse effect of thiazide
``` HyperGLUC Hyperglycemia hyperlipidemia hyperuricemia hypercalcemia ```
119
Antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil
120
Which benzodiazepine has the longest half life?
Chlor dia zepoxide
121
What drugs are considered date-rape drugs?
Alcohol - most common Flunitrazepam Gamma-hydroxybutarate
122
Drug of Choice for kids with Status Epilepticus
Phenobarbital
123
Drug of choice for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Buspirone
124
Blood Alcohol concentration that impairs driving ability?
60-80 mg/dL
125
What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome?
Hemorrhagic necrosis of the mamillary body
126
What drugs can cause disulfiram reaction?
Clara took the PreMedical Test in the PM Chlorpropamide Cefo Perazone Mandole Tetan Procarcazine Metronidazole
127
DOC for trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine
128
DOC for partial seizure and Bipolar disorder?
Carbamazepine
129
Most inhaled anesthetics are bronchodilators except?
Desflurane - bronchospasm
130
Antidote for fentanyl toxicity?
Naloxone
131
Which local anesthetics have the Shortest and Longest half-lives?
Shortest - Procaine Longest - ropivacaine
132
What is the toxic dose of Lidocaine?
5 mg/kg

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