Branchial Arches

Question 1

Arch 1:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 1

Nerve: V
Skeletal: Malleus and Incus
Ligaments: Anterior ligament of malleus and sphenomandibular ligament
Muscles: Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor palati, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric

Question 2

Arch 2:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 2

Nerve: XII
Skeletal: stapes, styloid process, hyoid bone (lesser horn, upper half of body)
Ligament: Stylohyoid ligament
Muscles: muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

Question 3

Arch 3:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 3

Nerve: IX
Skeletal: Hyoid bone (greater horn, lower half of body)
Ligaments: none
Muscles: stylopharngeus

Question 4

Arch 4:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 4

Nerve: X
Skeletal: cartilages of larynx
Ligaments: none
Muscles: All muscles of larynx and pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), all muscles of soft palate (except tensor palati)

Question 5

Arch 5:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 5

Does not exist

Question 6

Arch 6:

• nerve
• skeletal structures
• ligaments
• muscles

Answer 6

Nerve: XI
Skeletal: none
Ligament: none
Muscles: sternocleidomastoid, trapezius

Question 7

Pouch 1:
Forms
Clinical

Answer 7

Forms:
auditory tube and tympanic cavity

Clinical:
First brachial “cleft” cyst - tract linked to external auditory meatus

Question 8

Pouch 2:
Forms
Clinical

Answer 8

Forms:
Lining (crypts) of palatine tonsils

Clinical:
Second Branchial “cleft” cyst - tract linked to tonsillitis fossa (palatine tonsils)

Question 9

Pouch 3:
Forms
Clinical

Answer 9

Forms:
Inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

Clinical:
Third Branchial “cleft” cyst - tract at thyrohyoid membrane or piriform recess

Question 10

Pouch 4:
Forms
Clinical

Answer 10

Forms:
Superior parathyroid gland and C-cells of thyroid

Clinical:
Does not form

Question 11

Pouch 6:
Forms
Clinical

Answer 11

Forms: none
Clinical: none

Question 12

Cleft 1:

Forms

Answer 12

Forms:

External auditory meatus

Question 13

Membrane 1:

Forms

Answer 13

Forms: tympanic membrane

Question 14

What nerve innervates muscles of mastication?

Answer 14

V

Question 15

What nerve innervates the mylohyoid?

Answer 15

V

Question 16

What nerve innervates the tensor tympani?

Answer 16

V

Question 17

What nerve innervates the tensor palati?

Answer 17

V

Question 18

What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 18

V

Question 19

What nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 19

VII

Question 20

What nerve innervates the stylohyoid?

Answer 20

VII

Question 21

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 21

VII

Question 22

What nerve innervates the stapedius?

Answer 22

VII

Question 23

What nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus?

Answer 23

IX

Question 24

What nerve innervates the muscles of the larynx?

Answer 24

X

Question 25

What nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx? (Except for?)

Answer 25

X | Except for the stylopharyngeus

Question 26

What nerve innervates the muscles of the palate? (Except for?)

Answer 26

X | Except for the tensor palati

Question 27

What nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 27

XI

Question 28

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

Answer 28

XI