Breast

Question 1

are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles.

Answer 1

breasts

Question 2

which is located in the center of the breast, contains the tiny openings of the lactiferous ducts through which milk passes.

Answer 2

nipple

Question 3

surrounds the nipple (generally 1- to 2-cm radius) and contains elevated sebaceous glands (Montgomery glands) that secrete a protective lipid substance during lactation.

Answer 3

areola

Question 4

or other breast tissue may appear along this “milk line”

Answer 4

supernumerary nipples

Question 5

Female breasts consist of three types of tissue:

Answer 5

glandular, fibrous, and fatty (adipose).

Question 6

constitutes the functional part of the breast, allowing for milk production.

Answer 6

Glandular tissue

Question 7

Glandular tissue is arranged in______ that radiate in a circular fashion from the nipple.

Answer 7

15 to 20 lobes

Question 8

from the alveoli converge into a single lactiferous duct that leaves each lobe and conveys milk to the nipple.

Answer 8

Mammary ducts

Question 9

The slight enlargement in each duct before it reaches the nipple is called the .

Answer 9

lactiferous sinus

Question 10

The milk can be stored in the lactiferous sinus (or _____) until stimulated to be released from the nipple.

Answer 10

ampullae

Question 11

The fibrous tissue provides support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called

Answer 11

Cooper ligaments (suspensory ligaments).

Question 12

is the third component of the breast. The glandular tissue is embedded in the ______. This subcutaneous and retromammary fat provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size and shape of the breasts.

Answer 12

Fatty tissue

Question 13

Both males and females have superficial veins forming a network over the entire chest, known as the .

Answer 13

mammary plexus

Question 14

___ (Haldol, an antipsychotic drug, can cause ___ (persistent milk secretion whether or not the woman is breastfeeding) and lactation.

Answer 14

Haloperidol, galactorrhea

Question 15

This is also a side effect of _____ (Depo-Provera) injections.

Answer 15

medroxyprogesterone

Question 16

The most common pathologic cause of galactorrhea is a ____

Answer 16

pituitary tumor.

Question 17

Noninvasive and confined to the linings of the milk duct system;
appears early

Answer 17

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

Question 18

Most common type (70%-80% of cases); spreads beyond the ductal system

Answer 18

Invasive (infiltrating)
ductal carcinoma
(IDC)

Question 19

Typically occurs in women in their late 40s and 50s and accounts for about 3%-5% of cases

Answer 19

Medullary carcinoma

Question 20

Accounts for about 10% of all invasive cases, usually appearing as a subtle thickening, feeling of full-ness, change in texture or appearance of the breast or nipple skin, rather than as a discrete lump

Answer 20

Invasive (infiltrating)
lobular carcinoma (ILC)

Question 21

Usually found in women over 50 years of age; accounts for 2% of cases; has a 95% 10-year survival rate

Answer 21

Tubular carcinoma

Question 22

Occurs in 1%-2% of breast cancers; although the cancer cells produce mucus and are poorly defined, usually has a favorable prognosis

Answer 22

Mucinous carcinoma (colloid)

Question 23

Very rare and very aggressive, with lymph vessels in skin blocked, making the breast appear swol-len, red, and inflamed; accounts for 1%-5% of cases in the United States

Answer 23

Inflammatory breast
carcinoma (IBC)

Question 24

appearance results from edema, which is seen in metastatic breast disease.

Answer 24

A pigskin-like or orange-peel (peau d’orange)

Question 25

A prominent venous patter may occur as a result of increased circulation due to a____. An asymmetric venous pattern may be due to _____.

Answer 25

malignancy

Question 26

Peau d'orange skin, associated with____ , may be first seen in the areola.

Answer 26

carcinoma

Question 27

Red, scaly, crusty areas may appear in

Answer 27

Paget disease

Question 28

Fibrocystic breast tissue that feels ropy, lumpy, or bumpy in texture is referred to as

Answer 28

nodular or glandular breast tissue.

Question 29

are usually 1-5 cm, round or oval, mobile, firm, solid, elastic, nontender, single or multiple benign masses found in one or both breasts.

Answer 29

Fibroadenomas

Question 30

___ (sacs filled with milk) and infections (____) may turn into an abscess and occur if breastfeeding or recently given birth.

Answer 30

Milk cysts,mastitis

Question 31

are a collection of fatty tissue that may also appear as a lump.

Answer 31

Lipomas

Question 32

is a small growth inside a milk duct of the breast, often near the areola. It is harmless and occurs in women ages 35-50.

Answer 32

Intraductal papilloma

Question 33

, a smooth, firm, movable disc of glandular tissue, may be seen in one breast in males during puberty, usually temporarily. However, it may also be seen in hormonal imbalances, drug abuse, cirrhosis, leuke mia, and thyrotoxicosis. Irregularly shaped. hard nodules occur in breast cancer.

Answer 33

Gynecomastia