Breast

Question 1

painful red breastwith fever. almost always occurs during lactation

Answer 1

acute mastitis

Question 2

rx of mastititis

Answer 2

continue breast feed
abx
+/- surgical drainage

Question 3

histology shows keratinising squamous epithelium that extends deep into nipple duct orifices. can cause painful red breast. NOT associated with lactation. often seen in smokers

Answer 3

periductal mastitis

Question 4

poorly defined palpable periareola mass with thick white nipple secretions. can have painful nipple retraction.
occurs mainly in multiparous women in their 40-60s, benign.

Answer 4

mammary duct ectasia

Question 5

inflammatory reaction to damamged adipose tissue leading to a painless breast mass

Answer 5

fat necrosis

Question 6

group of breast changes caused by exaggerated response to normal hormonal fluctuations. presents with breast lumpiness.

Answer 6

fibrocystic disease/fibroadenosis

Question 7

benign fibroepithelial tumour arising from the stroma

Answer 7

fibroadenoma

Question 8

benign papillary tumour arising within the ductal system. causes bloody discharge but no lump. not seen on mammogram

Answer 8

duct papilloma

Question 9

benign sclerosing lesion that resembles carcinoma on mamogram. central scarring surrounded by proliferating glandular tissue and stellate pattern.

Answer 9

radial scar

Question 10

chromosomal abnormality seen in low grade BC and DCIS

Answer 10

16q deletion

Question 11

neoplastic epithelial proliferation limited to the ducts/lobules by BM

Answer 11

carcinoma in-situ

Question 12

always presents as an incidental finding on biopsy as has no microcalcificatioms/stromal reactions that can be seen on mammogram.
20-40% bilateral
RF for subsequent invasive breast cancer

Answer 12

LCIS

lack of e-cadherin

Question 13

intraductal epithelial proliferation that appear as areas of microcalcifications on mammogram.
present with lump, discharge and pagets of the nipple.
increased risk of progression to BC

Answer 13

DCIS

Question 14

lifetime risk of invasive breast cancer

Answer 14

1 in 8

Question 15

breast cancer where cells are orgnaised into single file chains/strands

Answer 15

invasive lobular

Question 16

breast ca with well formed tubules and low grade nuclei

Answer 16

tubular carcinoma

Question 17

triple assessment includes

Answer 17

examination + USSS/Mammogram + FNA

Question 18

ER/PR +ve HER2-ve

Answer 18

low grade, good prognosis

Question 19

ER/PR- HER2 +

Answer 19

high grade

Question 20

triple negative carcinoma with sheets of atypical cells with lymphocytic infiltrates. stain positive for CK5/6/14.
associated with BRCA.

Answer 20

basal like carcinoma

bad prognosis

Question 21

benign tumour with the potential to become malignant. arise from intralobular stroma, present >50 with a palpable mass

Answer 21

phyllodes tumour

Question 22

most important prognostication factor

Answer 22

axillary LN spread