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Yr3 Med Conditions > BREAST > Flashcards

BREAST Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Breast Cyst definition

A

Fluid filled cavity in the breast

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2
Q

Risk Factors Breast Cyst

A

Peri-menopausal women aged 45-50

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3
Q

Breast Cyst presenting symptoms and signs

A

fluctuant, distinct round mass which is often tender (painful)

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4
Q

Breast Cyst investigations

A

May resolve naturally or aspirate (FNA): usually clear, green, brown or yellow aspirate

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5
Q

Ductal Ectasia definition

A

dilation of ducts due to blockage/ clogging of lactiferous ducts

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6
Q

Risk Factors ductal ectasia

A

peri/post-menopausal women aged 50-60

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7
Q

Presenting symptoms/ signs of ductal ectasia

A
  • Can appear similar to cancer (important to exclude)
  • nipple retraction/ slit-like nipple
  • discharge: cheesy, thick, white/ yellow/ green
  • scubareolar mass
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8
Q

Ductal Ectasia investigations

A
  • microcalcification on imaging
  • cytology of discharge might show macrophages and debris but no epithelial cells
  • reassure and discharge
  • surgical duct excision if mass is present
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9
Q

Fat necrosis definition

A

Post-trauma necrosis of fatty breast tissue

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10
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors fat necrosis

A

history of trauma: car accident, surgery, needle biopsy

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11
Q

Fat necrosis presenting symptoms and signs

A

painless, irregular hard lump with bruising or redness of overlying skin

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12
Q

Investigations for fat necrosis

A

Analgesia and discharge

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13
Q

Fibroadenoma definition

A

benign neoplasm of a lobule arising from storm (fibrosis) and glandular (adenoma) epithelium

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14
Q

Risk Factors of fibroadenoma

A

young women aged 20-30y

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15
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of fibroadenoma

A
  • ‘breast mouse’
  • painless
  • smooth
  • well circumscribed mass
  • not attached to overlying skin
  • no palpable lymph nodes
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16
Q

Investigations for Fibroadenoma

A
  • mammogram or ultrasound

- breast biopsy will show epithelial and stromal elements

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17
Q

Management for fibroadenoma

A

observe and excise if in doubt

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18
Q

Prognosis for fibroadenoma

A
  • most regress, some stay the say and some may enlarge (in which case: excise)
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19
Q

Fibroadnosis/ Fibrocystic Changes definition

A

Normal and physiological changes in breast tissue. Fibrous tissue and cyst formation

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20
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors fibroadenosis

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A

Due to hormonal changes in women aged 35-50y/o. Cyst rupture causes fibrosis

21
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of fibroadenosis

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A
  • Cyclical: premenstrual breast modularity (appears before next period)
  • Painful, multiple lumps
  • Rubbery, well-circumcised masses with sharp borders
22
Q

Investigations for fibroadenosis

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A
  • Reassure and discharge
23
Q

Intraductal papilloma definition

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A

Benign neoplasm growing within the ducts of the breast

24
Q

Risk factors Intraductal Papilloma

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A

peri-/post-menopausal women

25
Presenting symptoms and signs of intraductal papilloma
- bloody or clear nipple discharge | - scubareolar mass which is usually small
26
Investigations for Intraductal Papilloma
- Mammogram may be negative - Breast US will show dilated duct with oval mass - Breast ductogram shows filling defect of duct - Surgical excision of duct and papilloma (microdochetomy)
27
Acute Mastitis definition
Acute inflammation of the breast tissue
28
Aetiology/ Risk Factors Acute Mastitis
- Cause: Staph Aureus | - Post partum, breast feeding (lactating)
29
Presenting symptoms and signs of acute mastitis
- painful erythematous swelling of the breast. Skin is hot to touch
30
Investigations for acute mastitis
- FNA cytology of mass might show neutrophils and inflammatory debris
31
Management for Acute Mastitis
- effective milk removal | - antibiotics
32
Complications acute mastitis
- Abscesses - Cessation of breast feeding - Sepsis - Necrotising fascilitis
33
Prognosis of Acute Mastitis
- Good but may recur
34
Periductal Mastitis definition
Inflammation around dilated milk ducts
35
Risk Factors periductal mastitis
- smoker and non-lactating women (30y/o)
36
Presenting symptoms and signs of periductal mastitis
- painful erythematous scubareolar mass | - inverted nipple
37
Management periductal mastitis
- antibiotics and stop smoking
38
Phyllodes Tumour definition
Fibroepithelial tumour formed by periductal stromal cells which can be benign or malignant
39
Risk Factors Phyllodes tumour
Affects 40-60year olds
40
Presenting symptoms and signs of Phyllodes tumour
- Rapidly growing - tear drop appearance of the breast - slit-like nipple - warm, shiny erythematous skin - well-delineated, large breast mass
41
Investigations for Phyllodes tumour
- Mammography: oval, well circumcised mass - Breast ultrasound: hyper echoic, well-circumcised mass - Biopsy: stromal and epithelial elements - Aggressive radiotherapy or wide excision
42
Breast Abscesses definition
Collection of pus in the breast
43
Risk factors breast abscesses
15-40year olds
44
Presenting symptoms/ signs of breast abscesses
Febrile patient with painful erythematous lump near the nipple
45
Investigations for breast abscesses
- Breast Ultrasound: fluid filled cavity containing debris | - Aspiration: purulent fluid
46
Management breast abscesses
- IV / oral antibiotics | - Aspirate (FNA) or surgical drainage
47
Complications of breast abscesses
- Sepsis, scarring, spontaneous rupture of an abscess can lead to a draining sinus with a resulting fistula
48
Prognosis of breast abscess
Good but may have recurrence

Yr3 Med Conditions (9 decks)

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