Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3rd Year Semester 1 > Breast cancer > Flashcards

Breast cancer Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

breast tissue is made up of

A

glandular tissue arranged multiple lobes made up of lobules

lobules are divided by fibrous ligaments (coopers ligaments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

breast tissue is

A

mammary gland that lies over pectoralis major muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what ribs does breast extends from

A

2-6 rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymph Nodes of breast

A

level 1 nodes - low axilla
level 2 nodes - midaxilla
level 3 nodes - apical axilla
supraclavical nodes
internal mammary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

genes most commonly affected in hereditary breast cancer

A

BRCA1
BRCA2
Li fraumeni syndrome (LFS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BRCA1

A

85% risk of breast cancer
60% risk of ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BRCA2

A

60% risk breast cancer
risk of prostate, non hodgkins lymphoma ,pancreas and bladder cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LFS

A

50% risk breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Family History-Exposure to Oestrogen
Endogenous

A

Low parity
first born child at less than 30 years
early menarche (under 11 years)
late menopause (after 54)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Family History-Exposure to Oestrogen
Exogenous

A

hormone replacement therapy - longterm
oral contraceptive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other risk factors:

A

western style diet
alcohol consumption
obesity
high breast density and history of atypical hyperplasia
exposure to ionizing radiation
age :75% over the age of 50 and 5% before 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Signs and Symptoms

A

1.painless or slightly tender bump
2.abnormal mammography
3.changes in size /shape/skin
4.bloody nipple discharge
5.Axillary Lymphadenopathy (under arm lymph nodes enlarge)
6.symptoms of metastatic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a patient with a breast lump

A

if a discrete lump is found by gp, patient is referred to symptomatic breast clinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diagnosis –Triple Assessment

A

1) clinical assessment (breast exam)
2)radiology
3)pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Triple Assessment- Clinical

A

medical history
examination of breast
may score using 1-5 system for consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Radiographic studies

A

bilateral mammogram
+/- ultrasound
+/- CXR
+/- plain radiographs -symptomatic bone
MRI breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Screening mammography

A

two standard xray images of each breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

diagnostic mammogram

A

spot compression(focuses on small area that was supsicious on first mammogram) and magnifies views

detects tumour 5mm or less

defines status of both breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Breast Density

A

unrelated to breast size and not detected on clinical exam

more common in young ,breastfeeding women or those on HRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ultrasound

Study These Flashcards
A

good at differentiating between tumours and cysts

21
Q

MRI-Breast
recommended…

Study These Flashcards
A

-uncertainty following standard imaging
-special clinical situations

22
Q

MRI-Breast
used if patient has

Study These Flashcards
A

dense breast
breast implants
suspicsion of lobular cancer
familial breast cancer - with or without BRCA mutations

23
Q

pathology
recommended

Study These Flashcards
A

if clinical or imaging findings are suspicious or suggestive of malignancy

24
Q

types of biopsy

Study These Flashcards
A

fine needle aspiration

core needle

25
fine needle aspiration biopsy
small bore needle that obtains CELL SAMPLE from breast minimally invasive and low cost
26
core needle biopsy
removes multiple cores of solid tissue uses image guidance /palpations eg MRI or ultrasound
27
core biopsy
B1 =normal B2 =benign B3 =uncertain B4 =suspicous B5a =DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) B5b= invasive
28
excisional biopsy
removal of entire breast mass or a suspicious area
29
breast cancer is classified by
-whether the cancer started in the lobules or ducts -if cells invaded thru lobules or ducts -microscopic appearance of cancer cells
30
Almost all are carcinomas arising
from wall of ducts
31
PATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION
ductal lobular other
32
ductal
-intra-ductual carcinoma in situ DCIS -invasive/infilterating
33
lobular
in situ LBIS invasive/ infilterating
34
other
nipple (pagnents disease) inflammatory medullary
35
most common pathogical classification
infiltrating ductal carcinoma 75-80% infilrating lobular 10% DCIS 3-5%
36
Tumour grade: Scarff-Bloom-Richardson Grade System GRADE 1
well-differentiated breast cells, cells appear normal and rapidly growing SCORE : 3,4,5
37
Tumour grade: Scarff-Bloom-Richardson Grade System GRADE 2
moderately differentiated cells SCORE 6,7
38
Tumour grade: Scarff-Bloom-Richardson Grade System GRADE 3
poorly differentiated cells cells dont appear normal grow and spread more agressively SCORE: 8,9
39
Prognostic factors of breast cancer
tumour size/stage histological grade lymph node status lymphovascular invasion menopausal status
40
hormone-receptor positive cancer definition
cancer cells have extra receptors that attach to oestrogen and progesterone
41
type of Breast Cancer Hormone Receptors
ER-positive PR-positive hormone receptor- positive hormone receptor - negative
42
ER positive PR positive
have esotrogen receptors have progesterone receptors
43
hormone receptor- positive hormone receptor - negative
if cancer cell has one or both ( e or p) if cancer cell has no hormone receptor
44
HER2 stands for
human epidermal growth. this means tumour cells make high levels of protein called HER2/neu ... associated with certain aggressive types of breast cancer
45
Triple Negative Breast Cancer refers to
cancer cells have no progesterone or estrogen receptors or the HER2 protein
46
Features of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
poorer prognosis agressive tumour limited tx options
47
Peau d’Orange
orange peel appearance created by invasion of axillary lymphatics by tumour, producing obstructions and oedema of overlying skin
48
Inflammatory Breast Cancer: what is it patients present w
very aggressive type of locally advanced breast cancer w poor prognosis onset odema and erythema of breast skin

3rd Year Semester 1 (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions