Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

z eLectures + CSS > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What causes skin dimpling?

A

Fibrosis in supporting connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some skin changes associated with breast cancer?

A
  • skin dimpling
  • pea d’orange
  • ulcerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some nipple changes associated with breast cancer?

A
  • retraction
  • erosion
  • discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 things are prominent veins on the breast suggestive of?

A
  • breast cancer
  • pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of a breast cancer lump?

A
  • irregularity
  • hardness
  • fixity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is this?

A

peau d’orange

pitting = local advanced cancer invading dermal lymphatics –> oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is this?

A

locally advanced breast cancer –> ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common presentation of breast cancer?

A

hard, painless lump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of cases experience breast pain?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some symptoms of breast cancer?

A
  • breast: change in size/shape
  • armpit: swelling (lymphoedema), lumps
  • skin: dimpling, ulceration,
  • nipple: inversion, bleeding/discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are important questions to ask during a focussed breast (cancer) Hx?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which anatomical body parts must be examined thoroughly when conducting a breast examination?

A
  • breast - normal, then lump
  • axilla (lymph nodes)
  • neck (lymph nodes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which lump characteristic is suggestive of malignancy?

A

lump tethered to skin

  • implies infiltration of lesion to Cooper’s ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a mobile lump suggest?

A

benign cancer (no infiltration to surrounding tissue, so mobile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does tenderness & redness of breast suggest?

A

Infective causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does transillumination of the lump suggest?

A

cystic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which 2 views of the breast do the images show (via mammography)?

A

1) lateral oblique 2) cranio-caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the white dots shown on this mammogram?

A

microcalcifications - pleomorphic

  • these are not always suggestive of malignancy

–> require biopsy

morphology (based on size, regularity, etc)

  • pleomorphic (varying shape, size, and density)
  • rounded
  • punctuate, or
  • morphous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1) what imaging modality is this?
2) what abnormality does it show?

A

1) US
2) black shadow = malignant breast lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does this US show?

Study These Flashcards
A

fibroadenoma (benign lump)

  • well-demarcated border
  • shadow behind is less dense than in malignancy
21
Q

What does this US show?

Study These Flashcards
A

cyst (fluid-filled)

  • whiter area behind black = cyst
  • as sound waves travel faster through liquid
22
Q

What is this procedure?

23
Q

What happens if during FNA, the lump turns out to be fluid-filled cyst?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fluid can be discarded UNLESS

  • Fluid is uniformly blood-stained
  • If after aspiration, there is still mass felt

–> must send to cytology

24
Q

What procedure is this?

Study These Flashcards
A

Core needle biopsy

  • LA required
  1. incision made
  2. Trocut needle (spring-loaded) takes core out of lump
25
What % of cases seen in breast clinic are cancer?
10%
26
What are the causes of the majority of lumps seen in breast clinic?
27
How could a fibroadenoma lump be described?
well-circumscribed
28
What are the 2 types of carcinoma?
* **in situ** (has not yet invaded basement membrane) * **invasive**
29
What the possible causes of a breast lump?
* **benign mass** (well circumscribed) * **cyst** (well circumscribed) - imaging is diagnostic * **abscess** - painful, hard lump * **fibroadenoma** - can become infected (mainly in breastfeeding women) * **sphiculated lump** - highly suggestive of malignancy - imaging is diagnostic
30
What are the benefits of doing an FNA?
* quick * minimally invasive * results in hours
31
Are these cells benign or malignant?
benign - not overlapping, ordered arrangement
32
What does this show?
**fibroadenoma** - proliferation of epithelial tissue - _cells:_ benign, rounded, regular (nuclei)
33
what does 1) image on left show 2) image on right show?
1) benign cells 2) pleomorphic nuclei (irregular) -- malignant cells apocrine epithlium
34
What does this show?
malignant - lobular carcinoma
35
What does cytology nomenclature C1-C5 mean for FNAs?
36
When is a core biopsy indicated?(over FNA)
- these aren't done immediately (FNA is preferred as it has quicker results), as results take 1-2 days
37
What does the nomenclature B1-B5 indicate for core biopsies?
38
What are the advantages of doing core needle biopsy?
- can use immunoctyochemistry * gives ER and PR positivity *(seen in image below)*
39
what % of carcinomas are * ductal * lobular * other
40
What is the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI)
scoring given to breast cancer that accounts for: * size * grade * lymph node mets
41
What is tamoxifen?
SERM - acts on ERs
42
What is herceptin?
targets human epithedermal GFRs
43
What are the most common sites of metastasis from the breast?
bone, liver, lung
44
Which further investigations are required after a diagnosis of breast cancer?
**FBC** - useful to understand bone marrow involvement **LFTs** - not useful to determine if cancer in liver **Tumour markers** - if normal before intervention, then rises, can indicate bone mets
45
What can bone X rays show wrt to cancer mets?
osteolytic deposits (dark spots) OR sclerotic deposits (white spots)
46
What does this isotope bone scan show?
dark spots = mets
47
What are the surgical interventions offered?
48
What does this mammogram show?
small, irregular, sphiculated lesion
49
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

z eLectures + CSS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions