Breast Cancer Flashcards
(10 cards)
Where does cancer tend to arise?
The ducts
Lobes
What are DCIS and LCIS?
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Lobular carcinoma in situ
They are both pre-malignant i.e. have not breached the basement membrane
S+S:
Obviously there is a lump of thickening in breast or armpit!
What skin changes may they notice? - 2
Can the breast be painful?
What may they notice happen to the nipples? - 3
Where will they get lymphadenopathy?
Dimpling or ulcers
Yes, it can be painful but it is rare
Inversion
Discharge
Rash
Neck and axilla
S+S:
Paget’s Disease:
- What does it do to the breast? - 5
- Is it cancerous?
- They are usually unilateral. If it is bilateral, what other diagnosis should be considered?
Inflammatory breast cancer:
- What does the breast look like?
- They also get itch and inflammation. What signs point to inflammation?
- What else can occur?
Breast eczema
Eczemtoid skin Itching Pain Bloody discharge Lump
Yes - 50% can be cancerous
Peau d’orange
Pain
Swelling
Warmth
Nipple inversion
Risk factors:
What could cause increased oestrogen exposure? - 6
What gene is the commonest cause of inherited breast cancer?
Early menarche Late menopause HRT OCP Nulliparity Obesity
BRCA
Screening:
How often is it done?
What age range?
Those with BRCA are screened annually with MRI and mammogram!
Every 3 yrs
50 to 70 yrs
Referral criteria:
What would warrant a referral? - 4
Breast lumps or nipple changes
Postmenopausal
Clinical features of malignancy
FH
Investigations:
(1) History and examination
(2) What imaging is used?
(3) Histology:
- How is the tissue obtained?
-
Mammogram +/- USS
MRI is unsure
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
Management:
What 4 Rx’s can be done?
Surgery, chemo, radio or hormonal therapy
Complications:
What are some symptoms of bone mets?
What are signs of liver mets?
What are signs of lung mets?
What are signs of CNS mets?
Bone pain
Pathological fractures = bisphosphonates used
Hepatomegaly
Pleural effusion
Headache
Patchy CN lesions
