Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OB/GYN > Breast Disorders in Women's Health > Flashcards

Breast Disorders in Women's Health Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Breast Disorders

A 
Breast fibrocystic change
Breast fibroadenomas
Mastitis
Breast abscess
Intra-ductal papilloma
nipple discharge
Breast tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breast Disorders

A 
Breast fibrocystic change
Breast fibroadenomas
Mastitis
Breast abscess
Intra-ductal papilloma
nipple discharge
Breast tenderness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Breasts Histologically Composed of

A

Lobules/glands
Milk ducts
Connective tissue
Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Connective Tissue Disorders

A

Fibrocystic changes

Fibroadenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Issues with Duct System

A

May become dilated
Contain papillary neoplasms
Undergo malignant transformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood Supply to the Breasts

A 
Internal mammary artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracodorsal artery
Thoracocramial artery
Intercostal perforating arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lymphatic System of the Breast

A

Superficial and deep nodal chains through head & neck
Axilla
Deep to pectoralis muscles
Caudal to diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Most common malignancy in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

A 
Age
Family history
Race
Genetics
Early menarche
Late menopause
Increased exposure to estrogen
Use of estrogen therapy
Nulligravid state
First pregnancy after 35
Fibrocystic conditions when accompanied by proliferative changes
CA in one breast
Endometrial CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Breast Cancer & Age

A

Increases with age
Plateau in women 50-55
Most significant risk factor after gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Breast Cancer & Family History

A 
1st degree relative i
2+ relatives with breast or ovarian CA
Breast CA younger than 50
Relatives with both breast CA & ovarian CA
1+ relative with 2 cancers
Male relatives with breast cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Breast Cancer & Race

A

Caucasian more likely

Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Breast Cancer & Genetics

A

BRCA1 & BRCA2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Breast Cancer & Early Menarche

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Breast Cancer & Late Menopause

A

> 50 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Breast Cancer & Increase Exposure to Estrogen

A

Obesity

Persisten anovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Breast Cancer & Use of Estrogen Therapy

A

BSO before 35 with HRT

Postmenopausal treatment with HRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Other Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

A

Not breastfeeding
Hx of epithelial hyperplasia with atypic
Exposure to ionizing radiation or other carcinogens
Certain dietary factors: fat, ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BRCA 1 & BRCA2 Mutations

A

Disrupt protein productions
Change in one of the protein blocks to make BRCA proteins
Unable to help fix damaged DNA
Results in build up of mutations
Causes cells to divide in uncontrolled way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Harmful BRCA1 Mutations and Increased Risk of Other Cancers in Women

A

Cervical
Uterine
pancreatic
Colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Male BRCA1 & BRCA2 & Increased Risk of Other Cancers

A

Breast
Pancreatic
Testicular
Early-onset prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Male BRCA1 & BRCA2 & Increased Risk of Other Cancers

A

Breast
Pancreatic
Testicular
Early-onset prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Breasts Histologically Composed of

A

Lobules/glands
Milk ducts
Connective tissue
Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Connective Tissue Disorders

A

Fibrocystic changes

Fibroadenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Issues with Duct System
May become dilated Contain papillary neoplasms Undergo malignant transformations
26
Blood Supply to the Breasts
``` Internal mammary artery Lateral thoracic artery Thoracodorsal artery Thoracocramial artery Intercostal perforating arteries ```
27
Lymphatic System of the Breast
Superficial and deep nodal chains through head & neck Axilla Deep to pectoralis muscles Caudal to diaphragm
28
Breast Cancer
Most common malignancy in women
29
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
``` Age Family history Race Genetics Early menarche Late menopause Increased exposure to estrogen Use of estrogen therapy Nulligravid state First pregnancy after 35 Fibrocystic conditions when accompanied by proliferative changes CA in one breast Endometrial CA ```
30
Breast Cancer & Age
Increases with age Plateau in women 50-55 Most significant risk factor after gender
31
Breast Cancer & Family History
``` 1st degree relative i 2+ relatives with breast or ovarian CA Breast CA younger than 50 Relatives with both breast CA & ovarian CA 1+ relative with 2 cancers Male relatives with breast cancer ```
32
Breast Cancer & Race
Caucasian more likely | Individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent
33
Breast Cancer & Genetics
BRCA1 & BRCA2
34
Important Previous Pregnancy History of a Patient when Presenting with a Breast Lump
Age at first pregnancy Term pregnancies Abortions Breastfeed
35
Breast Cancer & Late Menopause
>50 years old
36
Breast Cancer & Increase Exposure to Estrogen
Obesity | Persisten anovulation
37
Breast Cancer & Use of Estrogen Therapy
BSO before 35 with HRT | Postmenopausal treatment with HRT
38
Other Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Not breastfeeding Hx of epithelial hyperplasia with atypic Exposure to ionizing radiation or other carcinogens Certain dietary factors: fat, ETOH
39
BRCA 1 & BRCA2 Mutations
Disrupt protein productions Change in one of the protein blocks to make BRCA proteins Unable to help fix damaged DNA Results in build up of mutations Causes cells to divide in uncontrolled way
40
Harmful BRCA1 Mutations and Increased Risk of Other Cancers in Women
Cervical Uterine pancreatic Colon
41
Harmful BRCA2 Mutations & Increase Risk of Other Cancers in Women
Pancreatic Stomach Gallbladder & Bile duct Melanoma
42
Male BRCA1 & BRCA2 & Increased Risk of Other Cancers
Breast Pancreatic Testicular Early-onset prostate
43
Presentation of Breast Cancer
``` Mass Solitary nodule Non-tender Firm to hard Ill define margins Not mobile Skin nipple retractions Axillary lymphadenopathy ```
44
ACS Breast Care Guidelines
40-44: have choice to start mammograms 45-54: yearly mammograms 55+: yearly or every other year mammograms
45
Define Fibrocystic Change
Exaggerated physiologic response to a changing hormonal environment
46
Fibrocystic Change
Most frequent lesion of breast Common in women 30-50 Rare in postmenopausal women NOT taking HRT Painful mass exacerbates or increases in size during premenstrual phase Exacerbated by ETOH
47
Presentation of Fibrocystic Change
``` Multiple, bilateral masses Rapid fluctuation in size Painful & tender Occurs or increases during premenstrual phase Size increases during premenstrual phase ```
48
Diagnostics & Treatment of Fibrocystic Changes
Re-examine at intervals Reassure patient that discomfort is not a sign of CA Symptoms improve with cyclical decrease in hormonal stimulation OCPs offer no benefit Use support bras Vitamin E supplements Avoid chocolate, alcohol, & caffeinated beverages Teach & encourage monthly BSE May need to be biopsied
49
Fibroadenoma
Benign neoplasm made from overgrowth of glandular & fibrous breast tissue Occur alone, in groups, or as complex Most frequently in young women (20 years after puberty) Earlier age in black women Multiple tumors in 10-15% of patients Women over 30 need to distinguish from fibrocystic change or CA
50
Presentation of Fibroadenoma
``` Round or ovoid Non-tender Smooth margins Rubbery Discrete Relatively movable 1-5 cm in diameter ```
51
Diagnostics & Treatment of Fibroadenoma
``` US can distinguish cystic FNB can confirm cytology Teach & encourage BSE Treatment varies on diagnosis If small, treatment usually not necessary but follow-up with US If large, tumor can be removed Removed in women over 40 ```
52
Important History of a Patient when Presenting with a Breast Lump
``` Age of patient Disease history Family history Medication history Onset of menarche Where they are in cycle Onset of menopause Social habits Ingestion habits Previous Pregnancies Mammogram history Frequency of SBE Last exam by provider ```
53
Important Social Habits of a Patient when Presenting with a Breast Lump
ETOH | Smoking
54
Important Ingestion Habits of a Patient when Presenting with a Breast Lump
Caffeine | high fat
55
Important Previous Pregnancy History of a Patient when Presenting with a Breast Lump
Age at first pregnancy Term pregnancies Abortions Breastfeed
56
Imaging of Breast Conditions
Ultrasound | Mammography
57
Ultrasound and Breast Conditions
Preferred if palpable mass, patient
58
Mammography & Breast Conditions
Palpable mass, >30-35 years old, & not pregnant | Follow up US if need determination between cystic & solid
59
When to Refer for a Breast Condition
Further investigation | Biopsy
60
Types of Breast Biopsies
FNA Core needle aspiration Excisional
61
FNA Biopsy
Small gauge needle (21-25) | Need adequate specimen
62
Core Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Large gauge needle (14-18) | Need adequate specimen
63
Excisional Biopsy
Mass & surrounding tissue excised for histological exam Definitive diagnosis of breast CA therapeutic without additional surgery
64
Mastitis
``` Breast tenderness Warm to touch Malaise Swelling of breast Pain/burning continuously or while breastfeeding Skin redness Fever 101+ ```
65
Mastitis Presentation
Unilateral Begins 3 months post delivery Start as sore or fissure nipple Lump possible if beginning to form an abscess
66
Mastitis Treatment
``` Antibiotics against PCN-resistant staph Regular emptying of breast by nursing Warm compresses Failure to response within 3 days should prompt consideration of MRSA Possibly admitted for IV therapy Delay in treatment = abscess ```
67
Prevention of Mastitis
``` Breastfeed equally from both breasts Empty breasts completely Use good breastfeeding techniques Avoid dehydration Practice careful hygiene: hands, breasts, baby ```
68
Define Breast Abscess
Redness, tenderness, induration on breast during nursing or otherwise
69
Define Intraductal Papilloma
Tiny wart-like growth in breast tissue that sometimes punctures a duct
70
Intraductal Papilloma
Most often in women 35-55 | Most common cause of spontaneous nipple discharge from single duct
71
Types & Related Condition of Intraductal Papilloma
Solitary intraductal papillomas Multiple papillomas papillomatosis
72
Solitary Intraductal Papillomas
One lump Near nipple Causes discharge
73
Multiple Papillomas
Groups of lumps Further from nipple Doesn't cause discharge Can't be felt
74
Papillomatosis
Small groups of cells inside the ducts Type of hyperplasia More scattered than multiple papillomas
75
Tests for Intraductal Papilloma
Breast biopsy Examination of discharge X-ray with contrast dye
76
Treatment of Intraductal Papilloma
Duct is surgically removed | Cells checked for CA
77
Causes of Nipple Discharge
``` Papilloma Premenopausal women: spontaneous Prolactinoma OC agents Abscess Medications Hypothyroidism ```
78
Suspicious Nipple Discharge
``` 1 breast 1 duct Associated with lump Leaks out on it's own Most days of month Water or bloody A lot ```
79
Not Suspicious Nipple Discharge
``` Both breasts Several ducts Squeezing brings it on Occasional Different colors A little ```
80
Breast Tenderness
``` Unilateral or bilateral Usually not related to trauma Usually related to fibrocystic changes May be associated with breast CA May be related to dietary habits: caffeine, chocolate, salt ```
81
Evaluation of Breast Tenderness
Breast exam checking for areas of tenderness, mass, trauma, nipple discharge US/mammogram
82
Treatment of Breast Tenderness
NSAIDs Eliminate caffeine, chocolate, salt Monthly SBE Return to recheck if symptoms don't resolve within 1-2 months

OB/GYN (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions