Breast Mass

Question 1

Step 1 of breast development?

Answer 1

An ingrowth of primary tissue bud arises in the mesenchyme

Question 2

Step 2 of breast development

Answer 2

The primary bud develops 15-20 secondary buds

Question 3

What develops, from the secondary buds?

Answer 3

Epithelial cords

Question 4

Lactiferous ducts develop and open into what?

Answer 4

A shallow mammary pit

Question 5

What happens if a mammary pit fails to elevate above skin level?

Answer 5

Inverted nipple

Question 6

Amastia, i.e absence of the breast, is rare, but what causes it

Answer 6

Mammary ridge stops developing at the 6th fetal week

Question 7

What is Poland’s syndrome.

Answer 7

Absence of the breast, and rib defects, in which they are not there or inwards

Question 8

What is a Mamogram

Answer 8

Breast X-Ray for women over 35

Question 9

We often do routine mamograms for women, what are the indications

Answer 9

Every year after they reach 50

Question 10

When we find lesions through mamograms, what differentiates benign from malignant

Answer 10

Benign is a round, fat containing lesion. Malignant is a distorted linear lesion.

Question 11

What investigation do we do for women younger than 35?

Answer 11

Ultra sound

Question 12

Ultra sound can differentiate between what…?

Answer 12

Cystic and solid masses

Question 13

What, when added to an US, can differentiate between benign and malignant lesions

Answer 13

Doppler

Question 14

What is the guiding principle of treating chest infections??

Answer 14

Giving antibiotics immediately. To stop abscess formation

Question 15

What is Mastitis Neonatorum?

Answer 15

Continued enlargement of breast bud in first week or two of life

Question 16

What is the cause of infection in Mastitis Neonatorum?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 17

How do we Treat early stage mastitis?

Answer 17

Antibiotics

Question 18

If mastitis is in a localized collection, what is treatment?

Answer 18

US, incision and then drainage obv

Question 19

Acute lactational infections are caused by?

Answer 19

Staphylococcus/streptococcus

Question 20

When do Acute lactational infections most commonly happen?

Answer 20

Following a first pregnancy during the breast feeding stage

Question 21

How do we treat acute lactational infections?

Answer 21

Amoxicillin mostly

Question 22

When we do an US to monitor acute lactational infections and find Abscess, what do we do?

Answer 22

Incision, repeated aspiration and antibiotics

Question 23

In acute lactational infections, do we stop breastfeeding?

Answer 23

No.

Question 24

Why don’t we stop breastfeeding in acute lactational infections?

Answer 24

Because it promotes drainage and resolve infection

Question 25

Who do we see Periareolar infections in?

Answer 25

Young cigarette smokers

Question 26

Breast Fat necrosis is associated with what as causes

Answer 26

Trauma or radiation

Question 27

What is the most common benign tumor?

Answer 27

Fibroadenoma

Question 28

What fibroadenoma size is considered a disease?

Answer 28

3+cm, anything more than 1cm is a “Disorder”

Question 29

Fibroadenoma surgical treatment?

Answer 29

Excision through a circumareolar entry

Question 30

Phyllodes tumor surgery?

Answer 30

Mastectomy

Question 31

Where do Intraductal papillomas arise?

Answer 31

Lactiferous duct

Question 32

Intraductal papilloma biggest sign?

Answer 32

Serous or bloody nipple discharge.

Question 33

Treatment for Intraductal papillomas

Answer 33

Central duct excision

Question 34

What is Duct Ectasia?

Answer 34

A syndrome which describes dilated sub-areolar ducts that are palpable and associated with thick nipple discharge.

Question 35

Duct Ectasia treatment?

Answer 35

Central duct excision