Breast OSCE Stuff Flashcards
(32 cards)
Does the risk of breast cancer increase or decrease, as you get older?
Increase
What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer?
1 in 8 women
What are the risk factors of Breast Cancer?
Early age of menarche
Late age of Menopause
Contraceptive use
HRT use
Family history of Breast Cancer (1st degree family member)
What are the three components of the Triple Assessment?
Clinical Assessment
Imaging Assessment (Ultrasound or Mammogram)
Needle Biopsy
For each stage of the triple assessment, there is a grade that is given to the section depending on the assessment. What are the 5 grades?
normal
benign
indeterminate/probably benign
suspicious
malignant
What is involved in the Clinical Assessment section of the triple assessment?
Normal patient assessment - taking a clinial history and doing a physical examination.
What is involved in the Imaging Assessment of the triple assessment?
The patient would have either an ultrasound scan or a mammogram.
When would you prefer to do an ultrasound scan, compared to a mammogram?
Ultrasounds should be done for women younger than 40 years old, as their breasts are denser.
What questions should you ask about for a breast history?
Lump: where, when did it start, it it mobile, does it come and go?
Breast pain? - SOCRATES
Nipple discharge - blood, pus, milk etc?
B symptoms - fever, malaise, myalgia, weight loss, night sweats
Lymphadenopathy
Nipple retraction or inversion
Nipple eczema
Change in skin colour
What three positions should you put a woman in to do the initial observations of the breast?
Stand normally with hands in front of her
Stand with hands above their head
Stand with hands on their hips
Which part of the breast system must you NOT forget to examine?
The axillary component
What are the two views that are carried out in mammography?
Mediolateral oblique (MLO) view
Craniocaudal (CC) view
What view of the breast is this?
Mediolateral oblique
What view of the breast is this?
Caudaocranial view
What does a hypoechoic mass show in ultrasound of the breast?
This shows a cyst or abscess
What does a poor-dermacated mass show in an ultrasound of the breast?
This shows a fixed mass which is most likely due to a malignancy.
What is the best imaging test for breast pathologies?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
When and why is Fine Needle Aspiration used?
Fine Needle Aspiration is used when a lump is suspicious. It is used to determine whether there are malignant cells within the mass.
Why would you do Core Needle Biopsy?
Core needle biopsy is the best way to determine the grade and type of a breast cancer a person has.
You can determine how differentiated the cells are and which receptors they have on the cells in order to develop a management plan.
What is sentinel node biopsy?
This is done when a breast cancer has been identified, and it helps to determine which lymph node is most likely to be affected if there is metastasis. This is a good method of assessment as it allows for assessment of metastasis without causing extensive lymphoedema.
What is x?
Suspensory ligament
(Cooper’s Ligament)
What is x?
Lobe
What are the two labels at x?
Lacteriferous sinus and Lactiferous duct
In which quadrant of the breast do most breast cancers occur?
Upper outer quadrant
