Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OBG: Pregnancy, labour, breast feeding > Breastfeeding > Flashcards

Breastfeeding Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What initiative exists to encourage mothers to breastfeed?

A

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) - WHO and UNICEF launched this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the BFHI document that helps women to breastfeed?

A

10 steps to successful breast-feeding in ‘Protecting, Promoting and Support Breast-Feeding: a Joint WHO/UNICEF Statement’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is colostrum?

A

produced from about 20 weeks gestation, is the early form of milk supply. starts to mature to breast milk after around 2 weeks until around 4 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the appearance of colostrum?

A

thick yellow fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What key nutrients are present in colostrum?

A
  • high concentration of secretory IgA
  • rich in proteins that are important for gut maturation and immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What volumes of colostrum are produced for the baby?

A

small quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the volume of milk that is produced following birth?

A

the amount of milk rapidly increases to about 500ml at 5 days post-partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many calories does breast milk contain and how does this compare to formula milk?

A
  • 57-65kcal/dL (2/4-2.7 mJ/L)
  • more energy efficient than formula milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should happen immediately following the birth and the baby?

A

skin-to-skin contact - asap, provided as ‘Kangaroo care’: holding baby to chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the benefit of early skin-to-skin contact after birth?

A

increases breast feeding if occurs within first 2h birth, and increased duration of breast-feeding, when compared with delay of 4 hours of more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should determine frequency of breast-feeding and why?

A

demand feeding: benefits of less weight loss in immediate post-partum period and increased duration of breast feeding subsequently; helps prevent engorgement, and breast-feeding is established more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What positive effect can frequent feeding in the early neonatal period have?

A

associated with less hyperbilirubinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the median number of times in a day that exclusively breast-fed term infants feed?

A

8 times a day (6 during day and twice at night)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How frequent are feeds typically in the first 24-48 hours?

A

tend to be infrequent, could be as few as 3 feeds in first 24h (should not cause concern if baby otherwise well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens to frequency of breast feeding as time passes after birth?

A

gradually increases, reaches peak around 5th day of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long does WHO recommend exclusive breast feeding for?

A

4-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 10 benefits of breast feeding for the infant?

A

Reduced risk of:

  1. Gastrointestinal illness
  2. UTIs
  3. Respiratory infection
  4. Atopic illness
  5. Leukaemias, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Hodgkin’s disease, neuroblastoma
  6. Giardiasis

And:

  1. Intelligence (maybe improved)
  2. Improved bonding
  3. Contains omega 3 fatty acids - visual development in small infants
  4. Effects of colostrum on immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 5 benefits of breast feeding for the mother?

A
  1. Uterine involution + reduces risk of PPH
  2. Lactational amenorhoea (amenorrhoea helpful for anaemia in developing countries)
  3. Protects against premenopausal breast cancer
  4. Protects against premenopausal ovarians cancer
  5. Protects against osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can breast feeding produce lactational amenorrhhoea and how effective is this as contraception?

A

full or nearly full breast feeding for up to 6 months - nearly 99% effective

drops to 97% at 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 5 problems associated with breast feeding?

A
  1. Inadequate milk supply
  2. Breast engorgment
  3. Mastitis
  4. Breast Abscess
  5. Sore or cracked nipples
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What proportion of women are physiologically incapable of producing an adequate milk supply?

A

<1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 6 options for treatment of insufficient milk in the mother?

A
  1. Adequate fluids
  2. Nutrition
  3. Secure and private environment
  4. Dopamine antagonists
  5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
  6. Oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 2 problems that can cause breast engorgement, mastitis and breast abscess?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Limitations on feeding frequency and duration
  2. Problems with positioning the baby at the breast
24
Q

What is the most effective method of treating problems with milk flow - breast engorgment/ mastitis/ breast abscess?

Study These Flashcards
A

allowing baby unrestricted access to the breast

25
What causes non-infective mastitis?
obstruction of milk drainage from one section of the breast - may be due to restriction of feeding, badly positioned baby, blocked ducts, compression from fingers holding the breast or from wearing too small a bra
26
What are 4 factors which can cause non-infective mastitis due to contributing to obstruction of milk drainage?
1. Restriction of feeding 2. Badly positioned baby 3. Blocked ducts 4. Compression from fingers holding breast or wearing too small a bra
27
What are 4 symptoms of mastitis?
1. Swollen, red and painful area on breast 2. Tachycardia 3. Pyrexia 4. Aching, flu-like feeling, often accompanied by shivers and rigors
28
What causes non-infective mastitis to resolve?
relieving the obstruction by continuing to breast-feed with correct positioning of the baby
29
What can non-infective mastitis lead to if not managed properly?
may become infected and lead to infective mastitis
30
What is the commonest organ involved in infective mastitis?
staphylococcus aureus
31
What is the management of infective mastitis?
* antibiotics: penicillinase-resistant penicillins e.g. cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav or cephalosporins e.g. cefelexin, cefadrine, cefaclor * breast feeding should be continued
32
What can cause a breast abscess when breastfeeding?
possible complication of inappropriately managed infective mastitis
33
What is the management of breast abscess?
* may need surgical drainage under anaesthetic * in severe cases, breast-feeding may have to cease on the affected side
34
What may cause sore or cracked nipples when breastfeeding?
could be because of incorrect attachment of baby to breast
35
What may be the necessary management of sore or cracked nipples?
may be necessary to rest breast and express breast milk naturally until the crack has healed
36
What happens to lactation following breast cancer?
* will be **little or no _enlargement_** of the treated breast during pregnancy * ability to lactate and breast feed from _untreated_ breast remains normal * tamoxifen inhibits milk production
37
What are 7 drugs that may reduce milk production?
1. Progestins 2. Oestrogens 3. Ethanol 4. Bromocriptine 5. Ergotamine 6. Cabergoline 7. Pseudoephedrine
38
What are 4 things which affect the effect of a drug passed in breastmilk?
1. Degree of passage into milk (almost all drugs pass in breastmilk to some extent) 2. Amount of milk ingested by infant 3. Absorption of drug 4. Whether drug affects infant
39
What makes it harder to know what medicines in breast milk are safe for the baby?
limited human studies exist to advise on which drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy
40
What are 5 tips for prescribing in a breastfeeding woman?
1. Prescribe medication only when absolutely indicated 2. Choose medications with shorter half-lives 3. Choose meds with less toxicity 4. Choose those commonly used in infants 5. Choose meds with reduced bioavailability
41
What are 6 examples of medicatios with poor bioavailability and therefore which are low risk in breastfeeding?
1. Heparin 2. Insulin 3. Aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin) 4. Third generation cephalosprins 5. Omeprazole and lansoprazole 6. Inhaled steroids and beta agonists
42
What are 11 examples of drugs which are generally contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers?
1. Amiodarone 2. Antineoplastic 3. Chloramphenicol 4. Ergotamine 5. Cabergoline 6. Ergot alkaloids 7. Iodides 8. Methotrexate 9. Lithium 10. Tetracycline 11. Pseudoephedrine
43
What are 2 types of viruses that, if present in the mother, mean she is advised **not** to breast feed?
1. HIV 2. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1)
44
What are 3 risk factors for the transmission of HIV through breastmilk?
1. Maternal viral load 2. Duration of breast feeding 3. Oral lesions in infant and maternal breast lesions
45
What is likely to happen if a mother with human lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) breast feeds?
baby likely to become infected, especially with prolonged breastfeeding
46
When should breastfeeding in an HIV positive mother be avoided?
usually avoided in developed countries
47
What is the advice for mothers with HTLV-1 and breastfeeding?
advised not to breast feed if HTLV-1 seropositive
48
What is the rule regarding hepatitis B positive mothers and breast feeding? What are 2 further aspects of their management?
* infants _may be breast fed_ - already exposed to maternal blood, amniotic fluid, vaginal secretions during delivery * babies of all mothers positive for **HBV surface antigen** should be ***immunised*** at birth * babies of mothers positive for **HBVe antigen** also given ***immunoglobulins***
49
What effect does breast feeding have on transmission of hepatitis B virus?
does not appear to increase rate of infection among infants
50
Is breast feeding recommended in herpes simplex virus in mother?
if no breast lesions, breast-feeding encouraged
51
What should be done if the mother has chickenpox/varicella and is breastfeeding?
should continue to breast feed because antibodies in milk confer immunity against chickenpox to baby; passive immunisation may spare baby from symptoms of chickenpox
52
What is recommended if a breastfeeding mother is infected with cytomegalovirus?
no serious illness or clinical symptoms in neonates secondary to breast feeding has been reported - should continue
53
What happens if a mother is infected with rubella and is breast feeding?
can be passed on to infant if mother has active infection; however infant does not become ill as transmission of maternal antibodies serves as natural vaccine
54
What will happen if a breastfeeding mother is immunised to rubella postpartum?
breast-feeding infant will not show symptoms
55
What are 9 drugs to avoid in breast-feeding mothers?
1. Acebutolol 2. ACEIs (except captopril) 3. Alcohol 4. Caffeine 5. Cocaine 6. Marijuana 7. Fluoxetine 8. Iodine 9. Sulphonamides

OBG: Pregnancy, labour, breast feeding (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions