Breathing And Exchange Of Gases

Question 1

Trachea divides at the mid thoracic cavity at the level of ?

Answer 1

5th thoracic vertebra

Question 2

The outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the?

Answer 2

→ Thoracic cavity

Question 3

sponges and Chidarians respire by

Answer 3

→ simple diffusion

Question 4

Annelids (Earthworms) respire by

Answer 4

→ moist cuticle

Question 5

Bronchial Respiration means=

Answer 5

→ by gills

Question 6

cutaneous respiration means =

Answer 6

→ By skin

Question 7

pulmonary respiration means

Answer 7

→ By lungs

Question 8

Reptiles, Birds, Mammals respire by ?

Answer 8

Pulmonary respiration

Question 9

Respiratory Passage track

Answer 9

→ Nostrils → Nasal passage → Nasal chamber → Internal Nostrils → pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 10

Nasal chamber has which type of tissue

Answer 10

→ PSCCGE ( Pseudostratified ciliated columnar glandular epithelium

Question 11

filtration of duct, no midifaction the dry air , warming cold air is the function of ?

Answer 11

→ Nasal chamber

Question 12

what guards the Internal nostrile

Answer 12

→ Uvula

Question 13

common path for both food and air.

Answer 13

→ pharynx

Question 14

which is the sound box

Answer 14

→ Larynx

Question 15

shorter thinner and high pitched vocal cords all present
in

Answer 15

→ female and children

Question 16

Alveoli is made up of which kind of tissue

Answer 16

→ simple squaremous epithelium so the diffusion of air can happen easily.

Question 17

About how many alveoli are present in both lungs

Answer 17

→ about 300 million

Question 18

which hormone does Alveoli secret and why

Answer 18

→ secretes - “ Lecithin”
which lowers the surface tension of alveolar fluid so that alveoli doesn’t collapse

Question 19

conducting Part location and 4 Functions

Answer 19

→ Nostails up to terminal bronchioles
→ conduct air to Alveoli
→ sterilization i filtelation of dust
→ warming to body temp
→ Humidification of air

Question 20

Thoracic cavity positions Dorsal, ventral, lateral, Lower side

Answer 20

→ Dorsal- vertebral column
→ ventral - sternum
→ lateral- Ribs
→ lower side-Diaphram

Question 21

change in thoracic volume will
thchange in thoracic volume will

Answer 21

→ any change in thoracic valveme will reflect in lungs.
there is no other way to alle the pulmonary volume

Question 22

Breathing is also called

Answer 22

→ pulmonary ventilation

Question 23

change in pressure gradient is due to?

Answer 23

→ change in thoracic volume which changes due to muscle movement.

Question 24

When atmospheric air moves to alveoli

Answer 24

→ Inspiration

Question 25

when air moves out of the lungs

Answer 25

→ Expiration

Question 26

Breathing movements is due to the ?

Answer 26

→ muscle movement

Question 27

the thomacic volume and Intrapulmonary volume increase in atmospheric pressure during

Answer 27

→ Inspiration

Question 28

the thomacic volume and Intrapulmonary volume decrease in atmospheric pressure during

Answer 28

→ Expiration

Question 29

What are the two Inspiratory muscles

Answer 29

→ External intercostal muscle, Diaphragm Muscle

Question 30

What are the two Expiratory muscles

Answer 30

→ Internal intercostal muscle

Question 31

Intercostal muscles are present between

Answer 31

→ successive Ribs

Question 32

Inspiration is an active or passive process

Answer 32

→ Active process ( when muscle contracts,ATP energy required)

Question 33

Expiration is an active or passive process

Answer 33

→ Passive process

Question 34

What is the role of diaphragm during Breathing

Answer 34

→ By contraction the diaphragm becomes flat so ANTERIO POSTERIOR increase in the thoracic volume.

Question 35

What happens when the external intercostal muscle contract

Answer 35

⇒ They contract doing Inspiration, sternum and Ribs lift up so the Dorso- Ventral increases in the thoracic volume

Question 36

What happens when the Intra pulmonary volume increases.

Answer 36

⇒Intra pulmonary volume increases during Inspiration. Intra pulmonary pressure decreases so the atmospheric air comes to alveoli

Question 37

Elastic recoiling of lungs happen during

Answer 37

⇒ Expiration

Question 38

What happens when the Intra pulmonary volume decreases

Answer 38

⇒ The Intra pulmonary pressure increases so the air in the lungs is expired out.

Question 39

what is abdominal breathing

Answer 39

⇒ Normal / quite Breathing

Question 40

which muscle plays 75%role during Normal / quite Breathing

Answer 40

⇒ Diaphragm

Question 41

During forced Breathing Inspiration and expiration. Are active or passive process

Answer 41

⇒ Inspiration is always active While forced expirition is also an active process

Question 42

Contraction of Expiratory muscles is in

Answer 42

⇒ forced Expiration

Question 43

Pulmonary volume and capacities are measured using?

Answer 43

Spirometer

Question 44

which volume in the lungs can't be measured

Answer 44

Residual volume

Question 45

Air inspired and expired in normal Breathing

Answer 45

Tidal volume

Question 46

Tidal volume capacity in ( mL)

Answer 46

500 mL

Question 47

Normal Breathing Rate

Answer 47

12-16 time/ min so 6000-8000 ml air/min

Question 48

how much aim is inhaled by forced inspiration

Answer 48

2500 -3000ml

Question 49

The amount of extra air expired by forced expiration

Answer 49

1000 ml

Question 50

The air that remains in the lungs even after forced expiration

Answer 50

Residual volume

Question 51

Residual volume in ml

Answer 51

1100-1200 mL

Question 52

Inspiratory capacity (IC) is?

Answer 52

TV+ IRV (so about 3500 mI)

Question 53

Expiratory Capacity ?

Answer 53

TV + ERV more in athletes ( 1000 ml )

Question 54

vital Capacity (VC)

Answer 54

IRV+TV+ ERV so, IC+ ERV

Question 55

Total lungs capacity ( TLC)

Answer 55

TV+ IR+ ERV + RV (6000ml) approx

Question 56

functional Residual capacity ( FRC)

Answer 56

ERV + RV

Question 57

where does exchange of gases occur

Answer 57

at Alveoli and tissue level by diffusion

Question 58

______________ gas is about 20-25 more soluble and diffusive than oxygen

Answer 58

CO2

Question 59

how much oxygen is carried in dissolved form

Answer 59

only 3% oxygen transported

Question 60

how much oxygen is carried by Hb

Answer 60

97% oxygen transported

Question 61

how much oxygen does 100 ml blood carry

Answer 61

about 20mL/100mlof Blood

Question 62

how much oxygen does the blood transport doring 'Rest' and 'Exexcise'

Answer 62

Rest- 5mI O2 transported Exercise - 15 ml O2 transported

Question 63

100 ml blood carries approx 20ml O2 and deliveres only ________amount to tissues

Answer 63

5ml

Question 64

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in Alveoli

Answer 64

PO2 - 104 mm of Hg PCO2 - 4O mm of Hg

Question 65

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in pulmonary artery and systemic aorta

Answer 65

PO2 - 95 to 104 mm of Hg PCO2- 40 mm of Hg

Question 66

partial pressure of oxygen and CO2 in Tissue fluid

Answer 66

PO2 - 40 mm of Hg PCO2 - 45 mm of Hg

Question 67

1 mol. of Hb carries how many mols of oxygen

Answer 67

4 mOl of O2 Hb has 4 Fe (iron) so one O2 molecule combines with 1 fe molecule each

Question 68

How much CO2 is transported in plasma dissolved form

Answer 68

⇒ about 7% ⇒ CO2 is more soluble than 02 so only 3% 02 is transported in dissolved state.

Question 69

How much CO2 is transported in the form of Bicarbonate

Answer 69

about 70%

Question 70

which enzyme is involved in the transport of CO2 in Bicarbonate form

Answer 70

carbonic Anhydrase enzyme

Question 71

about 20-25% Of CO2 is transported in the form of ?

Answer 71

carbamino Haemoglobin

Question 72

how much CO2 is transported by 100ml deoxygenated blood

Answer 72

4 ml / 100 ml blood

Question 73

Oxy Hb dissociation curve is a curve

Answer 73

sigmoid curve

Question 74

formation of OxyHb

Answer 74

at alveolar capillary

Question 75

Dissociation of oxy Hb

Answer 75

At tissue capillary

Question 76

Rightward shift of sigmoid curve is due to

Answer 76

PO2 ⬇️ PCO2.⬆️ H+⬆️ Acidity⬆️ PH⬇️ temp⬆️ BPG/ DPG⬆️

Question 77

Arrange the Oxg Hb dissociation curve from ascending order foetus Hb, Adult Hb,Myoglobin

Answer 77

Adult Hb foetus Hb Myoglobin in adult the least and in myoglobin the most

Question 78

Medulla of Brain

Answer 78

Respiratory rhythm Centre regulates inspiration and Expiration

Question 79

Pons of Brain

Answer 79

preumotaxic centre

Question 80

Moderates the activity of respiratory rhythm Centre

Answer 80

Pons of Brain preumotaxic centre

Question 81

switch off point for inspiration or limit the inspiration is done by

Answer 81

pneumataxic Centre Pons of Brain

Question 82

Chemosensitive area are sensitive to

Answer 82

CO2 and H+

Question 83

Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 83

Asthma

Question 84

Inflammation of Bronchi due to Bacteria or viral infection

Answer 84

Bronchitis

Question 85

Damage of Alveolar wall, Bronchioles due to smoking

Answer 85

Emphysema

Question 86

Inflammation of Nasal tract mucosa

Answer 86

Rhinitis ( Normal cold )