Breathing and Respiration

Question 1

What is pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

The process of gas exchange in the body is called respiration and pulmonary ventilation is the first step of three. Followed by external (pulmonary) respiration and Internal (tissue) respiration.
Pressure changes during pulmonary ventilation - the air moves into the lungs when the air pressure inside the lungs is less than the air pressure in the atmosphere.
Air moves out of the lungs when the air pressure inside the lungs is greater than the air pressure un the atmosphere.

Question 2

What is the difference between pulmonary ventilation and internal and external respiration

Answer 2

Pulmonary ventilation -> External (pulmonary) respiration -> Internal (Tissue) respiration

Question 3

Describe Boyles Law

Answer 3

The volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure

Question 4

Describe Thoracic Cage

Answer 4

Contains, the bones, and muscles of the thorax and abdomen
Create the force to move air during breathing.

Question 5

Describe Surface Tension

Question 6

Define Eupooea

Question 7

Describe how the lung function can be assessed and the importance of lung volumes and capacities

Question 8

What muscles are used for inspiration (inhalation) ?

Answer 8

Sternocleidomastoids, Scalene, External Intercostals, Diaphragm

Question 9

What muscles are used for expiration (Exhalation)?

Answer 9

Internal Intercostals, External and internal obliques, abdominal muscles

Question 10

What are some influences of breathing

Answer 10

temperature, pain, stretching the anal sphincter muscle, irritation of airways, blood pressure

Question 11

What are some factors the affect pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 11

Surface tension of alveolar fluid (Inwardly directed force in the alveoli which must be overcome to expand the lungs during each inspiration), compliance of the lungs (ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded), airway resistance (any condition that narrows or obstructs airways increases resistance, so that more pressure is required to maintain the same airflow)

Question 12

Describe ventilation breathing through at rest, inspiration and expiration.

Answer 12

At rest - the diaphragm is relaxed.
Pressure inside the alveoli = atmospheric pressure

Inspiration- thoracic volume increases as diaphragm contract and flatten (some other muscle contraction too)
Pressure inside the alveoli more than atmospheric pressure (Air pushed out)

Expiration- diaphragm relaxes, thoracic volume deceases.
Pressure inside the alveoli more than atmospheric pressure (air pushed put)