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SRNAProfessionalGuide II > Breathing Circuits > Flashcards

Breathing Circuits Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of Dead space

A

Anatomic

Physiological

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2
Q

Tidal volume (Vt) - in the adult male.

A

volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath -

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3
Q

Normal TV in adult male

A

about 500 cc

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4
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume–>

A

volume of air that can be inspired over and above the normal VT when the person inspires with full force

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5
Q

Normal IRV

A

about 3000 cc.

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6
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) -

A

maximum extra volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration after the end of a normal tidal expiration

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7
Q

Normal ERV

A

about 1100 cc.

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8
Q

Residual Volume (RV) -

A

volume of air remaining in the lungs after the most forceful expiration

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9
Q

Normal RV is

A

about 1200 cc.

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10
Q

What is a capacity?

A

It is a combination of 2 or more volumes

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11
Q

Inspiratory capacity =

A

VT + IRV = amount of air a person can breathe in. beginning at the normal expiratory level and distending the lungs to the maximum amount.

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12
Q

Normal Inspiratory Capacity

A

about 3500 mL

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13
Q

FRC (functional residual capacity) =

A

ERV + RV. The amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration

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14
Q

Normal FRC

A

About 2300 mL

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15
Q

VC vital capacity equals the ______

A

inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume.

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16
Q

Vital Capacity is the

A

maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent and then expiring to the maximum extent

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17
Q

What is a normal capacity ?

A

about 4600 mL

18
Q

TLC total lung capacity =

A

VC + RV

19
Q

TLC definition

A

The maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible effort (about 5800 cc); it is equal

20
Q

Normal TLC

A

5800 ml

21
Q

Formula for VE (minute ventilation)

A

TV x RR

22
Q

IRV + VT + ERV =

A

VC

23
Q

VC + RV =

A

TLC

24
Q

ERV + RV =

A

FRC

25
Q

IC + ERV =

A

VC

26
Q

IC + FRC

A

TLC

27
Q

PaO2

A

Partial pressure of Oxygen in arterial blood

28
Q

PAO2

A

Partial pressure of Oxygen in ALVEOLAR GAS

29
Q

PACO2

A

Partial pressure of CO2 in ALVEOLAR GAS

30
Q

PAH2O

A

Partial pressure of H2O in ALVEOLAR GAS

31
Q

Closed Circuit system
Reservoir
Rebreathing
Examples

A

Yes
Yes
Circuit with APL valve closed

32
Q

Open Circuit system
Reservoir
Rebreathing
Examples

A

No
No
Open drop

33
Q

SEMI- Open Circuit system
Reservoir
Rebreathing
Examples

A

Yes
No (APL valve open)
Non-rebreathing circuit OR Circle at HIGH FGF (>Ve)

34
Q

SEMI- CLOSED Circuit system
Reservoir
Rebreathing
Examples

A

Yes
Yes PARTIAL (APL partial open)
CIRCLE AT LOW FGF (

35
Q

NonRebreathing systems Characteristics

A

Highly dependent on fresh gas flow
No unidirectional valves
No CO2 absorber
Little resistance to breathing

36
Q

Gas flows for Bain/ Mapleson D

A

FGF 2-3 * VE or 5 l/m, whichever is greater

37
Q

Advantages of the circle systems

A
  1. .constant inspired concentrations
  2. conserve respiratory heat and humidity
  3. useful for all ages (may use down to 10 kg, about one year of age, or less with a pediatric disposable circuit)
  4. useful for closed system or low-flow
  5. low resistance (less than tracheal tube, but more than a NRB circuit)
38
Q

Circle disadvantage

A
  1. increased dead space

2. malfunctions of unidirectional valves

39
Q

Circuit still being used in

A

Mapleson

40
Q

Preoxygenation patients

A

DE-NITROGEN

Residual VOLUME –>

41
Q

Severe SCOLIOSIS

A

Low Inspiratory Reserve volume
NO INSPIRATORY RESERVE , Partially inflated lung on one side, low volume
FRC fast desaturation

SRNAProfessionalGuide II (13 decks)

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